Andrew Carnegie A Steel Heart - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 925 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2019/08/05 Category People Essay Level High school Tags: Andrew Carnegie Essay Did you like this example? Born in Scotland in 1835 to an unemployed weaver, Andrew Carnegie did not have an easy path to success. His family moved to America for new opportunities when he was only twelve years old. Settling in Allegheny, Pennsylvania, the whole family worked to make ends meet, including Andrew. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Andrew Carnegie A Steel Heart" essay for you Create order He worked as a bobbin boy in a cotton mill, and later sought employment as a telegraph messenger, where he met many influential businessmen, one of which hired him to work at the Pennsylvania Railroad Company as a telegraph clerk, then as his personal secretary, and at just age 24, superintendent of the western division of the railroad (Sherman). Andrew Carnegie was an influential businessman and philanthropist in the late 19th century and early 20th century due to his success in the railroad and steel business, the obstacles he faced through his upbringing and managing his company, and his philanthropic spirit as a retired man. Andrew Carnegie began his path to success at an early age. Only in his twenties, a young Carnegie found his success in the railroad industry, and later found phenomenal success in the steel industry. According to Laurel Sherman, â€Å"When Carnegie was only 24, [Thomas A.] Scott made him superintendent of the western division of the railroad.† At the age of 30, â€Å"Carnegie decided to leave the railroad and move into the manufacture of iron† (Sherman). In 1873, Carnegie opened his first steel plant near Pittsburgh, and almost immediately became the biggest competitor in the steel trade (Sherman). â€Å"Carnegie steel was the foundation for Americas railways. It formed the framework of new skyscrapers. It was used in motors and machines. It helped build New Yorks Brooklyn Bridge and other bridges,† (Sherman). Carnegie sold his steel corporation to J.P. Morgan at age 65, becoming the richest man in the world. The extent of Carnegie’s success in the railro ad and steel business were nearly unparalleled, and his influence on America can still be seen today. Just like anyone else, Carnegie’s road to success had its fair share of bumps. He was not born into wealth or success, and once he had established his success, he had his struggles in managing his business. According to Laurel Sherman, â€Å"His father was one of the many Scottish weavers who had been put out of work by the coming of large automated weaving mills.† After Carnegie had established his wealth, in 1889, Union workers at one of his plants organized a strike and â€Å"had won the steelworkers a favorable three-year contract; But by 1892 Andrew Carnegie was determined to break the union.† (Editors). The manager of the plant increased quotas, and when the workers refused the conditions, he locked them out of the plant (Editors). The manager called for 300 Pinkerton Guards, and when the arrived, they were met by 10,000 strikers, many of whom were armed. â€Å"After an all-day battle, the Pinkertons surrendered and were forced to run a gauntlet throug h the crowd. In all, nine strikers and seven Pinkertons were killed; many strikers and most of the remaining Pinkertons were injured, some seriouslyEight thousand militia arrived on July 12. Gradually, under militia protection, strikebreakers got the plant running again.† The Homestead Strike represented â€Å"how difficult it was for any union to prevail against the combined power of the corporation and the government,† (Editors). The Homestead Strike was a large bump in the road that was the life of Andrew Carnegie, and is a great example of Carnegie’s struggles in managing his company. Though Carnegie had his moments to not be proud of, such as the Homestead Strike, in his later life, after retiring, he turned his focus to philanthropy and public service. After Carnegie sold his steel company to J.P. Morgan at age 65 for $480 million, he began making generous donations to various causes. Carnegie claimed that wealthy people had a social responsibility to use their fortunes to help the common good (Bremen). According to Will Bremen, â€Å"Andrew Carnegie helped build more than 1,600 public libraries in the United States. He also donated more than 4,100 organs to churches in the United States.† By 1911, Carnegie had distributed more than $150 million. Despite his best efforts, however, he was not giving away his money fast enough. He still controlled more than half of his fortune. So, he set up a foundation to help him give away his fortune. It also would continue the process after his death. With a single initial contribution of $125 million, Carnegie estab lished the Carnegie Corporation of New York. Today, the corporation focuses on four main issues: Education, Democracy, International Peace and Security, and Higher Education and Research in Africa. With an endowment of $3 billion today, the Carnegie Corporation is ranked among the top 10 foundations in the United States (Bremen). The Carnegie Corporation is the best example of Carnegie’s philanthropic spirit in that, even though he could not give away all his money during his lifetime, he went out of his way to establish a foundation to distribute the rest of his money to charitable causes after his death. The influence of Carnegie can be seen all over American to this day because of his contributions to the steel industry, his struggles with the industrialization of America, and through his generosity in which he expressed through his donations to various buildings and foundations in America. Carnegie’s actions are proof that anyone can succeed, and that the wealthy can be generous and philanthropic. He defied all odds in his path to success in being born to a poor family in Scotland, and his everlasting impact on America continues to persist to this day.

My Life, My Fantasy, My Philosophy Essay - 1980 Words

My Life, My Fantasy, My Philosophy - Descartes Fourth Meditation, Plato’s Allegory of the Cave, Sir Francis Bacons The Four Idols, and Walt Disney Every day is a process of discovery, and I have stumbled upon one about myself: I am a hypocrite; I live in a world of hypocrites, and here, on this earth, lies not one soul who can live happily otherwise. We have developed a defense mechanism against all that is unknown in this world and acquired a false sense of security of having control and actually knowing how it is that this world works. We protect ourselves by lying, by acting as if we are actually doing that which separates us from the animal world: questioning, analyzing, and searching for life’s truths. We pretend that we†¦show more content†¦Why, then, do adults convince themselves they do not like their ex’s new significant other without ever having exchanged a single word with them? In Fourth Meditation, Descartes intends to prove the existence of God using only logic and reason, a task compatible to that of condemning aliment without ever tasting it or sizing up a complete stranger. The problem here is not the answer either comes up with. It is the means to which the answer is achieved: predisposition and deductive reasoning. We have the tendency of being biased and holding onto our ideals. We do this even in situations that call for us to put aside our fundamental beliefs, including the pursuit of real and complete truth. For example, when Descartes states he has forgotten all he held true, including his existence and the existence of God, he continues to prove both through â€Å"logic† stating: â€Å"†¦when I consider that I doubt†¦that I am an incomplete being, the idea of a complete being, that is to say God, presents itself in my mind with such distinctness and clearness, and, from that fact alone that this idea is found in me†¦I conclude that God exists† (465). What he is saying is that because he, as a being who exists incompletely can simply think of a being that exists completely, God must exist. More than logic or reason, Descartes explanation seems like a web of spurious correlations spun together by deductive reasoning. Besides that observation, if one is to look at whereShow MoreRelatedMy Life Changed My Character916 Words   |  4 Pagespermanently changed my character happened as I was on a life-changing trip to Africa. For some background information, I learned about the trip a year before and was immediately ecstatic. At first it was just going to be me with some family friends journeying to Africa. With the personality God gave me, I was probably even more excited with the aspect of being basically on my own. Ever since I could read and fully utilize my imagination, the unsocial life of living in the abundant fantasy worlds that authorsRead MoreFantasy Rhetoric Essay1619 Words   |  7 PagesFantasy Rhetoric: Summary and Analysis of Katherine Fowkes’s Fantasy Films A Rhetoric Analysis consists of a multitude of attributes some larger than others and some not specifically require. Among those are certain attributes that are what provides the foundation of any Rhetoric work, Logos, Pathos, and Ethos or persuasive appeal. My job is to show you the other attributes consisting of the context of the argument, the authors’ attitude, and the tone of the overall work. 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Security Solutions Against Computer Network-Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Security Solutions Against Computer Network? Answer: Introduction Every business organization works with an objective of earning better revenues and experiencing enhanced growth. These objectives can be met only with the clientele that trusts the organization and there is a good customer engagement that is maintained. The case study talks about a company that deals in the area of software and technology. It is located in Melbourne, Australia and had set its foot in the industry 51 months back. Information and network security solutions are the products that the company develops and deploys for its clients. There are various processes through which the development of such solutions can be done; however, the company currently restricts to two methods as in-house development of the customization process. There is various small scale and medium sized firms that outsource the company for development of the security solutions for them. The company has now decided to step into the area of online security services and packages and the overall expansion of the organization are also targeted. There are several new clients that the company aspires to work with and there is a lot of change in the current strategy, set of operations and decision making processes that is being happening. Technology is an area that experiences a constant change. There are new technologies and concepts that are being created every day and there are chances that the current technological ideas and methods may soon become obsolete and be replaced by newer and advanced processes. The use, application and implementation of technology has led to several benefits for the organizations but has also brought in many of the security threats and occurrences. These threats make use of any of the technological component as a threat agent to cause damage and therefore, a lot of work is being in the area of security of information and network security (Mohammed Salim, 2016). The report lists out the meaning of information and network security with latest enhancements in the field. Examples of the security applications, their utility for the organization and expansion plan have been covered in the report. Information and Network Security Meaning Definition An organization may manage, process and store information sets with varying degree of information, such as, private, public, confidential, sensitive and so on. Each of the information categories has some of the common properties viz. availability, privacy, integrity and confidentiality that must be maintained and protected. However, occurrence of any of the security risks and attacks violate these properties and attributes of the information. There is a discipline called Information Security then came into the picture to apply and implement methods to avoid, prevent and control these risks and attacks. The specific controls and process that are adapted to stop and check the network based security attacks come under the domain of Network Security (Gnanasankaran, Natarajan, Alagarsamy Iyakutti, 2013). Information and Network Security Risks A Few Examples Information sets that are stored in the database or the information that is transmitted via internal or external network may be breached. The information sets may experience some form of loss is association with its properties, attributes or contents and may also go through leakages (Nazareth Choi, 2015). Denial of service attacks, distributed denial of service attacks and other forms of flooding attacks to damage information availability. Attack of malware on the information and networks. Eavesdropping and man in the middle attacks which include the unauthorized access to the networks (Lippmann Riordan, 2016). Impersonation attacks, such as, spoofing and phishing attacks (Bajwa, 2014). Integrity attacks, such as message alteration and media alteration (Shameli-Sendi, 2017). Latest Developments and Advancements Technology is an area that experiences a constant change. There are new technologies and concepts that are being created every day and there are chances that the current technological ideas and methods may soon become obsolete and be replaced by newer and advanced processes. The use, application and implementation of technology has led to several benefits for the organizations but has also brought in many of the security threats and occurrences. These threats make use of any of the technological component as a threat agent to cause damage and therefore, a lot of work is being in the area of security of information and network security (Haider, Samdani, Ali Kamran, 2016). There are many new technologies that have been developed and there are many improvements that have been done to the existing technological concepts. Some of the buzzwords in the area of technology are Big Data and Business Intelligence. Application of these in the security measures amalgamated with Cryptography, intrusion detection and access control can lead to improved state of security in the organization (Roozbahani Azad, 2015). Application Developed for Information/Network Security VeraCrypt In spite of the security controls and measures, the frequency of security attacks is on an all time rise. In such cases, the information properties are negatively affected and the attackers misuse the information sets that they succeed in capturing. There is a measure that needs to be taken to violate the attempts of the attackers for misuse of the information even if they succeed in breaking through the access and capture the same. One such measure is encryption of the information. Encryption is a process in which there are encryption algorithms and protocols that are applied on the information sets which transforms the information to a secure form called as cipher text. This information can be retrieved to its original form only when the user enters a security key to decrypt it. There are various automated applications that have been developed to carry out this task and IDRIX came up with its creation called VeraCrypt. The application has attracted hundreds and thousands of users and has a good market share and recognition as well. It implements disk encryption for the security of the information and data sets (Fearn, 2017). The application has managed to establish a name in the market and it is because of the interesting set of features and benefits that it provides to its users. Eavesdropping, man in the middle and cold boot attacks can be prevented (PCMag, 2017). Tokens and smart cards can be safely used with the aid of this tool. Information security attacks such as breaching, loss and leakage can be avoided. Backdoor access attacks can be checked and avoided. With the set of benefits, there are also some of the weak points that are associated with the application that need to be understood before deciding to purchase or implement it in the organization. The tool demands the user to receive a training prior to the practical use of the application. Many operational errors have been reported (Veracrypt, 2017). Comodo Advanced Endpoint Organization in the present times makes use of numerous technological components and tools. Some of these tools and concepts include hardware, software, networks, databases etc. With all of these components, there are certain security risks that can be curbed by the application of security controls. The use of separate applications for every component may have a bad impact on the budget of the organizations which promotes the demand for a single and integrated security package. Comodo Advanced Equipment is being extensively used by the business organizations and other users to experience an integrated approach to security. This application can also prove to be of great utility for the software company in the case study (Strom, 2016). The platform on which this application has been built is the major strength of the application. It is due to the reason that the platform of the application only allows the secure files to have the access while the unsecure and suspicious ones are blocked. There are various security solutions that are integrated in this application, such as, malware protection, Internet Security, intrusion detection and prevention, SSL certificates, firewalls, proxy servers and many more. With the changing nature of the threat landscape, mere identification of the threats and application of a response strategy is not enough. It is necessary to work on the root cause of the same and remove it from the organizational architecture so that the attacker does not attempt the same and similar attacks again. It is essential to analyze the behavior of the attack and the attacker for this purpose which is offered by the application. There is good use and application of Business Intelligence and Big Data techniques that has been done for threat analysis and prevention. The application and its features will have a high degree of usability for the organization. The application has managed to establish a name in the market and it is because of the interesting set of features and benefits that it provides to its users. The application prevents and detects the security threats for each of the technological component and provides an integrated solution. Patch management (Comodo, 2016). The application would prove to be compatible for the other systems and tools used in the organization. Remote monitoring and control can be executed by the administrators and senior management. The latest technologies are also used for security the organizational assets. Cost-effective in nature. With the set of benefits, there are also some of the weak points that are associated with the application that need to be understood before deciding to purchase or implement it in the organization. Deployment may become complicated if the correct model is not selected for the task. Not enough documentation is provided at the time of dleivery (Stephenson, 2017). Bitdefender Antivirus Plus There are many incidences of malware attacks that have been witnessed in the recent times. Recently, WannaCry, a ransomware was triggered which had an adverse impact on the systems and applications across 150 countries. The severity of the malware attacks can therefore be significantly high and it is necessary to implement measures to detect and prevent these malicious programs. Bitdefender Antivirus Plus is an anti-malware tool that makes sure that malware attacks are violated and security is ensured (Pcmag, 2016). The application has managed to establish a name in the market and it is because of the interesting set of features and benefits that it provides to its users. Phishing protection without the need of browser plug-ins. High level of user interaction as the user is made aware of the activities carried out by the tool with the use of messages, alerts and also reports with utmost clarity. Security scans are automatically carried out and can also be scheduled. Wi-Fi scans to avoid the network based attacks. Ransomware protection and controls. Safety of financial transaction by implementing a security control called Safepay specifically for this category of transactions. With the set of benefits, there are also some of the weak points that are associated with the application that need to be understood before deciding to purchase or implement it in the organization. Security issues with the Password Manager in the application. Addition costs that are hidden at the time of purchase. Expansion Plan In the process of expansion by any organization, it is necessary to have enhanced level of planning so that the results that are achieved at the end are positive in nature. The same applied to the software company mentioned in the case study. The company must plan out the activities and tasks that it will cover to attain the goals of expansion. There are certain technological concepts that also be analyzed clearly. As a first step, the target set of customers and users shall be identified. A gap analysis must be performed on the existing solutions and required solutions. The latest developments and advancements in the field of security shall be researched. The findings shall be mapped with the requirements for the organization. The expansion process must include the phases as initiation and planning, analysis, execution, implementation and control. Marketing of the new services shall be done. The management shall also take initiatives to realize the goals and objectives of the expansion process. There must be correct allocation of roles and responsibilities along with regular inspections and reviews. There must also be specific teams set up in the areas of security, management and administration. This will ensure that the expansion process is successful. Conclusion There is a lot of work and research that is being executed in the areas of information and network security (Allen, 2012). There are various automated applications that have been developed to carry out encryption and IDRIX came up with its creation called VeraCrypt. The application has attracted hundreds and thousands of users and has a good market share and recognition as well. It implements disk encryption for the security of the information and data sets. Comodo Advanced Equipment is being extensively used by the business organizations and other users to experience an integrated approach to security. This application can also prove to be of great utility for the software company in the case study. There are various security solutions that are integrated in this application, such as, malware protection, Internet Security, intrusion detection and prevention, SSL certificates, firewalls, proxy servers and many more. Bitdefender Antivirus Plus is an anti-malware tool that makes sure that malware attacks are violated and security is ensured. All of these applications have managed to establish a name in the market and it is because of the interesting set of features and benefits that these provide to its users. With the changing nature of the threat landscape, mere identification of the threats and application of a response strategy is not enough. It is necessary to work on the root cause of the same and remove it from the organizational architecture so that the attacker does not attempt the same and similar attacks again. The application involve latest technologies and concepts that may be useful for the organization in its expansion process and these may be used in both of the modes that the organization uses for providing security solutions. There shall also be adequate planning and control that must be carried out for making sure that the goals and objectives are achieved. Recommendations Findings Technology is witnessing many changes and transformation at an extremely rapid rate. The lack of updates and the use of obsolete technology can enhance the probability of the security risks and attacks. It is, therefore, required that technological tools that are used are as per the latest advancements. The organization shall research on the use on advanced technologies like Artificial Intelligence, Big Data, Business Intelligence etc to improve the quality and usability of its security solutions. The existing services shall also be improved by applying these technological concepts (Brecht, 2012). The client requirements will not be same for every client and will depend upon a number of factors like industry type, likelihood of the security attacks, types of information sets etc. The method of implementing and developing the security solution shall be determined by analyzing all of these factors. The success or failure of the organization expansion will be highly dependent upon the management and leadership of the organization. The correct set of managerial and technical skills along with adequate monitoring and control will provide the desired results. There will also be many modifications and changes that will come up during this phase of expansion which shall be handled with the aid of a change management plan covering the steps as planning, management and reinforcement of the changes. References Allen, J. (2012). Deriving Software Security Measures from Information Security Standards of Practice. Retrieved 19 September 2017, from https://www.sei.cmu.edu/library/assets/whitepapers/derivingsecuritymeasures.pdf Bajwa, M. (2014). Wireless Network Security Threats and MitigationA Survey. Retrieved 19 September 2017, from https://file.scirp.org/pdf/_2014091813425297.pdf Brecht, M. (2012). A Closer Look at Information Security Costs Working Paper. Retrieved 19 September 2017, from https://www.econinfosec.org/archive/weis2012/papers/Brecht_WEIS2012.pdf Comodo. (2016). Comodo Launches Advanced Endpoint Protection Solution. comodo.com. Retrieved 19 September 2017, from https://www.comodo.com/news/press_releases/2016/02/comodo-launches-advanced-endpoint-protection.html Fearn, N. (2017). Top 5 best encryption tools of 2017. TechRadar. Retrieved 19 September 2017, from https://www.techradar.com/news/top-5-best-encryption-tools Gnanasankaran, N., Natarajan, S., Alagarsamy, K., Iyakutti, K. (2013). A Case Study of the Application of COTS Components in a Molecular Dynamics Software. Retrieved 19 September 2017, from https://www.lnse.org/papers/31-E060.pdf Hagen, J. (2013). Effectiveness of Organisational Information security measures. Retrieved 19 September 2017, from https://www.frisc.no/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/finse2013-hagen.pdf Haider, S., Samdani, G., Ali, M., Kamran, M. (2016). A comparvative analysis of In-house and outsorced development in software Industry. Retrieved 19 September 2017, from https://www.ijcaonline.org/archives/volume141/number3/haider-2016-ijca-909578.pdf Lippmann, R., Riordan, J. (2016). Threat-Based Risk Assessment for Enterprise Networks. Retrieved 19 September 2017, from https://ll.mit.edu/publications/journal/pdf/vol22_no1/22_1_3_Lippmann.pdf Mohammed Salim, R. (2016). Importance of network security for business organization. Retrieved 19 September 2017, from https://file://melstud/12047542$/Downloads/9120836%20(3).pdf Nazareth, D., Choi, J. (2015). A system dynamics model for information security management. Retrieved 19 September 2017, from https://ac.els-cdn.com/S0378720614001335/1-s2.0-S0378720614001335main.pdf?_tid=c703030a-8eb5-11e7-b607-00000aacb362acdnat=1504229883_21b0981211b42a588a985a023ef05aa3 Pcmag. (2016). Bitdefender Antivirus Plus. PCMag India. Retrieved 19 September 2017, from https://in.pcmag.com/bitdefender-antivirus-plus-2015/52300/review/bitdefender-antivirus-plus PCMag. (2017). VeraCrypt. PCMag Business Software Index. Retrieved 19 September 2017, from https://www.pcmag.com/business/directory/encryption/1671-veracrypt Roozbahani, F., Azad, R. (2015). Security Solutions against Computer Networks Threats. Retrieved 19 September 2017, from https://www.ijana.in/papers/V7I-1.pdf Shameli-Sendi, A. (2017). Taxonomy of Information Security Risk Assessment (ISRA). Retrieved 19 September 2017, from https://www.synchromedia.ca/system/files/SurveyRisk.pdf Stephenson, P. (2017). Comodo Advanced Endpoint Protection product review | SC Media UK. Scmagazineuk.com. Retrieved 19 September 2017, from https://www.scmagazineuk.com/comodo-advanced-endpoint-protection/review/9393/ Strom, D. (2016). 10 cutting-edge tools that take endpoint security to a new level. Network World. Retrieved 19 September 2017, from https://www.networkworld.com/article/3089361/endpoint-protection/10-cutting-edge-tools-that-take-endpoint-security-to-a-new-level.html Veracrypt. (2017). VeraCrypt. CodePlex. Retrieved 19 September 2017, from https://veracrypt.codeplex.com/

Why does conflict occur in the employment relationship

Introduction Work is basic to the individual condition. It establishes what we accomplish during much of our active lives. It encourages human interaction and it enables people to establish their sense of uniqueness.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Why does conflict occur in the employment relationship? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It enables people to fulfill their material needs and to benefit from modern inventions and achievements of civilization. â€Å"Our views towards work and its management have undergone significant changes over the past couple of decades, with much of it being the product of national contexts being increasingly subject to global economic influences† (Abbott 2006, p. 187). As a result, Administrators should try to devise better organizational strategies that can enable them to deal with workers efficiently. This paper examines causes of conflict in employment relationship with specific reference to Wal-Mart Company. One of the evident challenges in many organizations and companies is the occurrence of disagreements among employees and their managers. Workers can settle disputes that strain their relationships through various mechanisms. Generally, â€Å"most squabbles in organizations often revolve around issues related to wage demands, terms of service, administrative strategies, and company goals† (Dunlop 2008, p. 276). In broad terms, â€Å"employment relationship is concerned with the theory and practice associated with the management and regulation of the employment relationship† (Dundon 2007, p. 234). Specifically, it deals with social and sometimes political aspects of the workers association and the sharing of authority between the administration and workers. It is also concerned with the occurrence and expression of disputes and the legal and social regulatory structure in which workers relationships exist. Employment relationship is a modern expression that defines industrial relations. Industrial relations generally refer to the upholding of the association that exists between labor organizations and administration, and related processes that encompass collective bargaining, dialogue and discussion and industrial dispute (Daniels 2006, p. 24). The application of the expression ‘employment relations’, instead of industrial relations indicates the socio-economic and legal progress made in the employment relationship that have been witnessed over the past few decades (Stone 2005, p. 124). Disputes usually arise in employment relationship due to the absence of consultation by administrators with their laborers.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More For example, workers can frustrate the restructuring plans of a company if they are not involved in making such decisions. â€Å"Since participation is often concerned with negotiation, conflict may occur between employees and management, particularly, where employees participate in higher-level decisions and differing interests are most likely to be visible† (Stone 2005, p. 127). Wal-Mart is a leading retail chain in the United States of America. Founded in 1962, the company has since doubled its fortunes to become the dominant player in North America’s retail industry. Wal-Mart has since opened 3,800 stores in America and 2,800 stores across the globe. In 2010, the company hosted over 2.1 million workers in America and other parts of the world. Notwithstanding its financial fortunes, Wal-Mart has faced serious challenges in managing its multicultural and large labor force. It has not been able to provide a work environment that meets the expectation of its workers and the public. Wal-Mart’s failure to manage its human resources appropriately has had negative effects on its reputation and financial performan ce. Thus, there is a need to make changes in the company’s human resources management system. Application of Theories in Analyzing Workplace Relationship A number of theories can aid the analysis of the causes of conflict in employment relationship. The Unitarism theory begins from a number of suppositions and values which states that employment dispute is a preventable feature of interactions between administrators and workers. Disputes in the work environment may occasionally occur between these two parties, and they are an irregularity in a relationship, which is intrinsically likely to be helpful. â€Å"Those holding this perspective perceive managers and employees as having a common interest in the survival of their organizations, such that when conflicts occur it is unlikely to manifest itself to a point that will render the firm insolvent† (Fox 2006, p. 56). Personality challenges, unsuitable staffing, and promotion activities, usually cause separations and lack of unity in an organization. A rational administrative team should eliminate potential causes of disputes that may interfere with the normal operations of an organization.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Why does conflict occur in the employment relationship? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In other words, the management team should execute impartially and equitably staffing and promotion activities. Administrators should establish proper communication channels and alert workers about the core interests of the organization. Human relations theory that is guided by unitarism will form the basis of analyzing the employment conflict at Wal-Mart. Human relations theory states that minimizing workplace disputes depends on the capacity of workers to gain self-satisfaction in the organization. In this case, employees are a distinct entity from other materials applied in the production (Legge 1995, p. 345). Thus, â₠¬Å"if workers are denied autonomy on the job, or are reduced to acting as mere extensions of the machinery they operate, it is argued that they will invariably find ways to subvert the methods of control that enforce these conditions† (Gennard 2002, p. 202). The most important job of administrators is to influence industrial relations to make workers feel comfortable in serving in an organization. In addition, workers should contribute on matters related to the management of the organization (Beardwell Holden 1994, p. 456). The management should also enhance the workers’ skills so that they can have a better capacity to dispense their services to the organization. In whatever form, â€Å"the aim of this managerial approach to employee relations is one that seeks to reduce internal tensions by developing the sense of workplace satisfaction† (Gardner 1997, p. 94). The amount of wage compensation is one of the possible causes of strained relationships between worke rs and their managers. Wage disagreements often arise when workers increasingly find it hard to convince their managers to improve their salaries (Blyton Turnball 1998, p.156). For instance, the global financial crisis has pervaded many labor markets and the wage earners have been one of the key victims of its pernicious effects. In response to this crisis, many wage earners have tried to ameliorate their financial status by prodding for better wages from their employers. However, many employers often respond harshly to their employee’s demands for better wages. The endless bickering of Wal-Mart employees over meager wages exemplifies this problem. The Wal-Mart wage earners not only complain about skimpy remuneration, but they also lament about income discrepancy in the company. There is a huge difference between the salaries of the top management employees and the junior employees. Besides, junior employees’ wages are below the average industry rates. Thus, the manag ement of this company needs to change the compensation structure in order to improve employee satisfaction and productivity.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Poor terms of service can spark-off conflicts, which can impede cordial employment relationship (Lewis Thornhill, p. 25). Disputes concerning terms of service revolve around work schedules, retirement funds, promotion, and safety in the work environment. â€Å"Employers need to monitor physical working conditions and provide adequate protective clothing and equipment, first aid facilities, quality working equipment and amenities such as lunch rooms, change rooms and toilet facilities† (Salomon 2001, p. 57). At Wal-Mart, the level of employee dissatisfaction is also very high. Employees are not happy with the terms and conditions of their work. The workers have since accused Wal-Mart of providing inadequate medical cover, and refusing to pay for extra work hours. Therefore, it is necessary for Wal-Mart management to change the terms and conditions of employees’ contracts. Finally, Wal-Mart is experiencing a very high turnover, especially, among the junior employees bec ause they find the terms of service at the company intolerable. Wal-Mart should reorganize and improve its retention program immediately to motivate the workers. Labor organizations, Christian associations, and the nongovernmental organizations have often made serious protests in response to the poor terms of service that employees at various outlets of Wal-Mart are facing. Notably, trade unions are against the anti-union policy that the company uses to wall-off its workers from accessing the benefits of unionization. The management of this company has put many obstacles that bar employees from seeking union membership. For instance, â€Å"Wal-Mart rejected the Employee Free Choice Act (EFCA), that would make it easier for workers to unionize by removing the employer’s ability to demand a secret ballot in union elections, and which would require mandatory arbitration of labor disputes† (Zimmerman, A Maher, K 2008). Wal-Mart imposed serious penalties on its employees s eeking unionization. For example, Wal-Mart more often than not penalizes its employees that report violation of their labor prerogatives. Wal-Mart managers either dismiss antagonistic workers unethically or relegate them to secondary roles in the company so that their experiences can dissuade others from demanding for better terms. Wal-Mart managers also use such penalties to muzzle the workers; hence, they cannot share their work related problems with the media. In 2005, Wal-Mart faced two serious protests by consumer associations in the USA, which expressed their great disappointment due to the failure of the company to sort out its labor disputes amicably. In addition, the Norwegians government barred Wal-Mart in 2006 from participating in their savings scheme of the Retirement Fund since a social audit that was conducted to evaluate its labor practices revealed that it was violating the stipulated labor codes in many counties in which it operates. Some time ago, Wal-Mart was sub jecting its workers to long-night shifts without giving them commensurate compensation. Some workers also complained that they locked inside their workstations at night so that they could do more work. The high levels of investment returns that Wal-Mart has registered over the past few years, shows that it is engaging in industrial relations malpractices. In 2007, Wal-Mart’s female workers sought legal action to end the prevalence of gender discrimination that meted against them, especially, on payment and promotion matters. Since the retail industry is labor intensive, the employees play a critical role in achieving the goals and objectives of retail companies. The implication of this fact is that Wal-Mart’s failure to implement the above changes is likely to result into the following consequences. First, high levels of employee dissatisfaction will result into low productivity due lack of motivation. Second, Wal-Mart is likely to lose its talented employees due to hi gh turnover (Andreeva 2006, pp. 141-150). Employees who are aware of their worth are likely to move to other firms if their expectations cannot be met at Wal-Mart. As Wal-Mart loses its talented employees to competitors, its competitiveness will also reduce. Wal-Mart is currently facing dozens of lawsuits for failing to provide acceptable work environment. Such lawsuits are associated with compensations, which will cost the firm millions of dollars. Finally, cases of fraud will increase due to poor employee compensations. Studies reveal that employees tend to embezzle funds if their wages are insufficient. Wal-Mart can circumvent these consequences by implementing changes in the compensation structure, retention program, and work conditions. In 2011, â€Å"Wal-Mart sub-contractors, Impact Logistics and Premiere Warehousing Ventures, which were employed through Schneider Logistics warehouses in Mira Loma, California, were fined by the California State Labor Department for disregardi ng federal and state wage laws† (California Department of Labor Relations, 2011). Wal-Mart’s management should first plan for its human resources and then attract or recruit the right employees. Human resources planning refer to â€Å"a process of identifying current and future human resources needs for an organization to achieve its goals† (Stefanescu 2011, pp. 104-107). This process involves identifying the optimal number of employees, the needed competencies, and the timeline in acquiring the needed human resources. Effective human resource planning will enable Wal-Mart to employ only the number of workers that it can afford to compensate at the prevailing industry wage rate. Hence, the problem of dissatisfaction attributed to poor pay will reduce. Wal-Mart should focus on both internal and external recruitment strategies. Internal recruitment involves giving existing employees an opportunity to fill existing vacancies. On the other hand, external recruitment involves hiring workers from outside the company. Internal recruitment will help in reducing employee dissatisfaction in the following ways. First, it will give the employees an opportunity to develop their careers through promotion (Abe 2007, pp. 567-570). Second, promoting employees is a way of recognizing their capabilities. Employees are likely to be highly motivated if their efforts are recognized and rewarded accordingly. External recruiting gives the company an opportunity to hire people with fresh ideas, which will be instrumental in implementing acceptable labor practices in the future. Developing a Quality Workforce Employee development is a mutual and continuous process in which the employee and the managers work together to improve the employee’s knowledge, skills, as well as, ability. It helps in improving employee satisfaction by enhancing high motivation levels. High levels of satisfaction will result into financial gains through high productivity. Thus, Wal-Ma rt will have enough funds to offer attractive compensation packages. Employee development will also help in reducing turnover by enabling employees to improve their skills through training. Introducing appropriate on-the-job training programs will help Wal-Mart to improve the knowledge, skills, and abilities of its employees. An effective performance appraisal procedure will be required to aid employee development. Performance appraisal involves the analysis of the successes and failures of an employee. This process helps in determining the training needs of individual employees, and the criteria for rewarding top performers. A fair performance appraisal system is, therefore, an essential tool for enhancing satisfaction among employees and reducing turnover. Employee orientation is also important in retaining employees. In this regard, Wal-Mart should provide its newly hired employees with information about its policies, goals, procedures, and organizational culture. Turnover is lik ely to reduce if employees are fully aware of the goals of the organization, as well as, the terms and conditions of their contracts. Maintaining a Quality Workforce Wal-Mart can retain its valued employees through the following strategies. First, it should rework its compensation and benefit structure. Employees’ salaries should reflect their efforts, and be comparable to the prevailing industry salaries. Performance and competence is one the feasible mechanisms for setting wages that this company can adopt. The company must provide incentives such as medical cover, compensation for overtime hours, and retirement benefits. The company must adhere to the labor laws when giving such incentives. Wal-Mart can realize employee retention and turnover reduction by engaging the employees in making decisions. Workers will be more committed if they are allowed to contribute ideas and suggestions that inform management decisions. This gives employees a sense of belonging, and reduces t heir chances of leaving the company. Introducing reward programs and reinforcing appropriate behavior will also help in retaining the employees. Employees have a basic need to feel appreciated. Thus, recognizing their efforts and rewarding them through incentive programs such as bonuses make them more satisfied with their jobs. Finally, Wal-Mart can implement the intended changes through labor-management relations. Labor-management relation is concerned with recognizing the rights of all parties in an organization or an employment contract. In this context, Wal-Mart should recognize and respect employees’ right to fair compensation, acceptable work conditions, and career development (Sparrow 2000, pp. 213-218). Conclusion The inevitability of disputes in an organization is a view that is widely held by pluralists. It can assist in making recommendations that can be used to end the strained industrial relations experienced at Wal-Mart. â€Å"By recognizing the inevitability o f workplace conflict, those holding this perspective tend to regard conflict as necessary for the health of an enterprise as it serves to bring grievances held by workers to the surface† (Leat 2006, p. 68). Therefore, managers should take the occurrence of disputes at Wal-Mart positively, and they should use it as an opportunity to search for innovative mechanisms for dealing with it in a manner that will provide the best outcomes. Recognition of the existence of various sources of power, especially, from shop stewards can enable Wal-Mart to handle industrial relations disagreements collectively. In this regard, â€Å"it will not only minimize the level of workplace conflict, but it will also encourage fairer outcomes by enabling employees to organize and counter-balance the power of managers when negotiating workplace contracts† (Rose 2008, p. 87). It is against this background that Wal-Mart should recognize the lawful prerogative of workers to negotiate jointly and la bor organizations to serve at this level on their behalf. Addressing these challenges necessitates changes in the company’s compensation and benefits structure, employee retention programs, and work conditions (Guest, Peccei Thomas 1993, p. 194). Failure to implement these changes will lead to adverse effects on the competitiveness of the firm. Wal-Mart should formulate and implement these changes through appropriate methods of attracting, developing, and retaining employees. 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Sparrow, P 2000, ‘New employee behaviours, work designs and forms of work organisation: what is in store for the future of work?’, Journal of Manegerial Psychology, vol. 4 no.1, pp. 202-218. Stefanescu, F 2011, ‘The Human Resource Management in the Context of Economic Crisis’, Romanian Economic Bussiness Review, vol. 6 no.1, pp.104-117. Stone, R 2005, Human Resource Management, Wiley Son: Milton. Zimmerman, A Maher, K 2008, Wal-Mart Warns of Democratic Win, viewed on https://www.wsj.com/a rticles/SB121755649066303381 This essay on Why does conflict occur in the employment relationship? was written and submitted by user Camren D. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.