Andrew Carnegie A Steel Heart - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 925 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2019/08/05 Category People Essay Level High school Tags: Andrew Carnegie Essay Did you like this example? Born in Scotland in 1835 to an unemployed weaver, Andrew Carnegie did not have an easy path to success. His family moved to America for new opportunities when he was only twelve years old. Settling in Allegheny, Pennsylvania, the whole family worked to make ends meet, including Andrew. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Andrew Carnegie A Steel Heart" essay for you Create order He worked as a bobbin boy in a cotton mill, and later sought employment as a telegraph messenger, where he met many influential businessmen, one of which hired him to work at the Pennsylvania Railroad Company as a telegraph clerk, then as his personal secretary, and at just age 24, superintendent of the western division of the railroad (Sherman). Andrew Carnegie was an influential businessman and philanthropist in the late 19th century and early 20th century due to his success in the railroad and steel business, the obstacles he faced through his upbringing and managing his company, and his philanthropic spirit as a retired man. Andrew Carnegie began his path to success at an early age. Only in his twenties, a young Carnegie found his success in the railroad industry, and later found phenomenal success in the steel industry. According to Laurel Sherman, â€Å"When Carnegie was only 24, [Thomas A.] Scott made him superintendent of the western division of the railroad.† At the age of 30, â€Å"Carnegie decided to leave the railroad and move into the manufacture of iron† (Sherman). In 1873, Carnegie opened his first steel plant near Pittsburgh, and almost immediately became the biggest competitor in the steel trade (Sherman). â€Å"Carnegie steel was the foundation for Americas railways. It formed the framework of new skyscrapers. It was used in motors and machines. It helped build New Yorks Brooklyn Bridge and other bridges,† (Sherman). Carnegie sold his steel corporation to J.P. Morgan at age 65, becoming the richest man in the world. The extent of Carnegie’s success in the railro ad and steel business were nearly unparalleled, and his influence on America can still be seen today. Just like anyone else, Carnegie’s road to success had its fair share of bumps. He was not born into wealth or success, and once he had established his success, he had his struggles in managing his business. According to Laurel Sherman, â€Å"His father was one of the many Scottish weavers who had been put out of work by the coming of large automated weaving mills.† After Carnegie had established his wealth, in 1889, Union workers at one of his plants organized a strike and â€Å"had won the steelworkers a favorable three-year contract; But by 1892 Andrew Carnegie was determined to break the union.† (Editors). The manager of the plant increased quotas, and when the workers refused the conditions, he locked them out of the plant (Editors). The manager called for 300 Pinkerton Guards, and when the arrived, they were met by 10,000 strikers, many of whom were armed. â€Å"After an all-day battle, the Pinkertons surrendered and were forced to run a gauntlet throug h the crowd. In all, nine strikers and seven Pinkertons were killed; many strikers and most of the remaining Pinkertons were injured, some seriouslyEight thousand militia arrived on July 12. Gradually, under militia protection, strikebreakers got the plant running again.† The Homestead Strike represented â€Å"how difficult it was for any union to prevail against the combined power of the corporation and the government,† (Editors). The Homestead Strike was a large bump in the road that was the life of Andrew Carnegie, and is a great example of Carnegie’s struggles in managing his company. Though Carnegie had his moments to not be proud of, such as the Homestead Strike, in his later life, after retiring, he turned his focus to philanthropy and public service. After Carnegie sold his steel company to J.P. Morgan at age 65 for $480 million, he began making generous donations to various causes. Carnegie claimed that wealthy people had a social responsibility to use their fortunes to help the common good (Bremen). According to Will Bremen, â€Å"Andrew Carnegie helped build more than 1,600 public libraries in the United States. He also donated more than 4,100 organs to churches in the United States.† By 1911, Carnegie had distributed more than $150 million. Despite his best efforts, however, he was not giving away his money fast enough. He still controlled more than half of his fortune. So, he set up a foundation to help him give away his fortune. It also would continue the process after his death. With a single initial contribution of $125 million, Carnegie estab lished the Carnegie Corporation of New York. Today, the corporation focuses on four main issues: Education, Democracy, International Peace and Security, and Higher Education and Research in Africa. With an endowment of $3 billion today, the Carnegie Corporation is ranked among the top 10 foundations in the United States (Bremen). The Carnegie Corporation is the best example of Carnegie’s philanthropic spirit in that, even though he could not give away all his money during his lifetime, he went out of his way to establish a foundation to distribute the rest of his money to charitable causes after his death. The influence of Carnegie can be seen all over American to this day because of his contributions to the steel industry, his struggles with the industrialization of America, and through his generosity in which he expressed through his donations to various buildings and foundations in America. Carnegie’s actions are proof that anyone can succeed, and that the wealthy can be generous and philanthropic. He defied all odds in his path to success in being born to a poor family in Scotland, and his everlasting impact on America continues to persist to this day.

My Life, My Fantasy, My Philosophy Essay - 1980 Words

My Life, My Fantasy, My Philosophy - Descartes Fourth Meditation, Plato’s Allegory of the Cave, Sir Francis Bacons The Four Idols, and Walt Disney Every day is a process of discovery, and I have stumbled upon one about myself: I am a hypocrite; I live in a world of hypocrites, and here, on this earth, lies not one soul who can live happily otherwise. We have developed a defense mechanism against all that is unknown in this world and acquired a false sense of security of having control and actually knowing how it is that this world works. We protect ourselves by lying, by acting as if we are actually doing that which separates us from the animal world: questioning, analyzing, and searching for life’s truths. We pretend that we†¦show more content†¦Why, then, do adults convince themselves they do not like their ex’s new significant other without ever having exchanged a single word with them? In Fourth Meditation, Descartes intends to prove the existence of God using only logic and reason, a task compatible to that of condemning aliment without ever tasting it or sizing up a complete stranger. The problem here is not the answer either comes up with. It is the means to which the answer is achieved: predisposition and deductive reasoning. We have the tendency of being biased and holding onto our ideals. We do this even in situations that call for us to put aside our fundamental beliefs, including the pursuit of real and complete truth. For example, when Descartes states he has forgotten all he held true, including his existence and the existence of God, he continues to prove both through â€Å"logic† stating: â€Å"†¦when I consider that I doubt†¦that I am an incomplete being, the idea of a complete being, that is to say God, presents itself in my mind with such distinctness and clearness, and, from that fact alone that this idea is found in me†¦I conclude that God exists† (465). What he is saying is that because he, as a being who exists incompletely can simply think of a being that exists completely, God must exist. More than logic or reason, Descartes explanation seems like a web of spurious correlations spun together by deductive reasoning. Besides that observation, if one is to look at whereShow MoreRelatedMy Life Changed My Character916 Words   |  4 Pagespermanently changed my character happened as I was on a life-changing trip to Africa. For some background information, I learned about the trip a year before and was immediately ecstatic. At first it was just going to be me with some family friends journeying to Africa. With the personality God gave me, I was probably even more excited with the aspect of being basically on my own. Ever since I could read and fully utilize my imagination, the unsocial life of living in the abundant fantasy worlds that authorsRead MoreFantasy Rhetoric Essay1619 Words   |  7 PagesFantasy Rhetoric: Summary and Analysis of Katherine Fowkes’s Fantasy Films A Rhetoric Analysis consists of a multitude of attributes some larger than others and some not specifically require. Among those are certain attributes that are what provides the foundation of any Rhetoric work, Logos, Pathos, and Ethos or persuasive appeal. My job is to show you the other attributes consisting of the context of the argument, the authors’ attitude, and the tone of the overall work. 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Security Solutions Against Computer Network-Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Security Solutions Against Computer Network? Answer: Introduction Every business organization works with an objective of earning better revenues and experiencing enhanced growth. These objectives can be met only with the clientele that trusts the organization and there is a good customer engagement that is maintained. The case study talks about a company that deals in the area of software and technology. It is located in Melbourne, Australia and had set its foot in the industry 51 months back. Information and network security solutions are the products that the company develops and deploys for its clients. There are various processes through which the development of such solutions can be done; however, the company currently restricts to two methods as in-house development of the customization process. There is various small scale and medium sized firms that outsource the company for development of the security solutions for them. The company has now decided to step into the area of online security services and packages and the overall expansion of the organization are also targeted. There are several new clients that the company aspires to work with and there is a lot of change in the current strategy, set of operations and decision making processes that is being happening. Technology is an area that experiences a constant change. There are new technologies and concepts that are being created every day and there are chances that the current technological ideas and methods may soon become obsolete and be replaced by newer and advanced processes. The use, application and implementation of technology has led to several benefits for the organizations but has also brought in many of the security threats and occurrences. These threats make use of any of the technological component as a threat agent to cause damage and therefore, a lot of work is being in the area of security of information and network security (Mohammed Salim, 2016). The report lists out the meaning of information and network security with latest enhancements in the field. Examples of the security applications, their utility for the organization and expansion plan have been covered in the report. Information and Network Security Meaning Definition An organization may manage, process and store information sets with varying degree of information, such as, private, public, confidential, sensitive and so on. Each of the information categories has some of the common properties viz. availability, privacy, integrity and confidentiality that must be maintained and protected. However, occurrence of any of the security risks and attacks violate these properties and attributes of the information. There is a discipline called Information Security then came into the picture to apply and implement methods to avoid, prevent and control these risks and attacks. The specific controls and process that are adapted to stop and check the network based security attacks come under the domain of Network Security (Gnanasankaran, Natarajan, Alagarsamy Iyakutti, 2013). Information and Network Security Risks A Few Examples Information sets that are stored in the database or the information that is transmitted via internal or external network may be breached. The information sets may experience some form of loss is association with its properties, attributes or contents and may also go through leakages (Nazareth Choi, 2015). Denial of service attacks, distributed denial of service attacks and other forms of flooding attacks to damage information availability. Attack of malware on the information and networks. Eavesdropping and man in the middle attacks which include the unauthorized access to the networks (Lippmann Riordan, 2016). Impersonation attacks, such as, spoofing and phishing attacks (Bajwa, 2014). Integrity attacks, such as message alteration and media alteration (Shameli-Sendi, 2017). Latest Developments and Advancements Technology is an area that experiences a constant change. There are new technologies and concepts that are being created every day and there are chances that the current technological ideas and methods may soon become obsolete and be replaced by newer and advanced processes. The use, application and implementation of technology has led to several benefits for the organizations but has also brought in many of the security threats and occurrences. These threats make use of any of the technological component as a threat agent to cause damage and therefore, a lot of work is being in the area of security of information and network security (Haider, Samdani, Ali Kamran, 2016). There are many new technologies that have been developed and there are many improvements that have been done to the existing technological concepts. Some of the buzzwords in the area of technology are Big Data and Business Intelligence. Application of these in the security measures amalgamated with Cryptography, intrusion detection and access control can lead to improved state of security in the organization (Roozbahani Azad, 2015). Application Developed for Information/Network Security VeraCrypt In spite of the security controls and measures, the frequency of security attacks is on an all time rise. In such cases, the information properties are negatively affected and the attackers misuse the information sets that they succeed in capturing. There is a measure that needs to be taken to violate the attempts of the attackers for misuse of the information even if they succeed in breaking through the access and capture the same. One such measure is encryption of the information. Encryption is a process in which there are encryption algorithms and protocols that are applied on the information sets which transforms the information to a secure form called as cipher text. This information can be retrieved to its original form only when the user enters a security key to decrypt it. There are various automated applications that have been developed to carry out this task and IDRIX came up with its creation called VeraCrypt. The application has attracted hundreds and thousands of users and has a good market share and recognition as well. It implements disk encryption for the security of the information and data sets (Fearn, 2017). The application has managed to establish a name in the market and it is because of the interesting set of features and benefits that it provides to its users. Eavesdropping, man in the middle and cold boot attacks can be prevented (PCMag, 2017). Tokens and smart cards can be safely used with the aid of this tool. Information security attacks such as breaching, loss and leakage can be avoided. Backdoor access attacks can be checked and avoided. With the set of benefits, there are also some of the weak points that are associated with the application that need to be understood before deciding to purchase or implement it in the organization. The tool demands the user to receive a training prior to the practical use of the application. Many operational errors have been reported (Veracrypt, 2017). Comodo Advanced Endpoint Organization in the present times makes use of numerous technological components and tools. Some of these tools and concepts include hardware, software, networks, databases etc. With all of these components, there are certain security risks that can be curbed by the application of security controls. The use of separate applications for every component may have a bad impact on the budget of the organizations which promotes the demand for a single and integrated security package. Comodo Advanced Equipment is being extensively used by the business organizations and other users to experience an integrated approach to security. This application can also prove to be of great utility for the software company in the case study (Strom, 2016). The platform on which this application has been built is the major strength of the application. It is due to the reason that the platform of the application only allows the secure files to have the access while the unsecure and suspicious ones are blocked. There are various security solutions that are integrated in this application, such as, malware protection, Internet Security, intrusion detection and prevention, SSL certificates, firewalls, proxy servers and many more. With the changing nature of the threat landscape, mere identification of the threats and application of a response strategy is not enough. It is necessary to work on the root cause of the same and remove it from the organizational architecture so that the attacker does not attempt the same and similar attacks again. It is essential to analyze the behavior of the attack and the attacker for this purpose which is offered by the application. There is good use and application of Business Intelligence and Big Data techniques that has been done for threat analysis and prevention. The application and its features will have a high degree of usability for the organization. The application has managed to establish a name in the market and it is because of the interesting set of features and benefits that it provides to its users. The application prevents and detects the security threats for each of the technological component and provides an integrated solution. Patch management (Comodo, 2016). The application would prove to be compatible for the other systems and tools used in the organization. Remote monitoring and control can be executed by the administrators and senior management. The latest technologies are also used for security the organizational assets. Cost-effective in nature. With the set of benefits, there are also some of the weak points that are associated with the application that need to be understood before deciding to purchase or implement it in the organization. Deployment may become complicated if the correct model is not selected for the task. Not enough documentation is provided at the time of dleivery (Stephenson, 2017). Bitdefender Antivirus Plus There are many incidences of malware attacks that have been witnessed in the recent times. Recently, WannaCry, a ransomware was triggered which had an adverse impact on the systems and applications across 150 countries. The severity of the malware attacks can therefore be significantly high and it is necessary to implement measures to detect and prevent these malicious programs. Bitdefender Antivirus Plus is an anti-malware tool that makes sure that malware attacks are violated and security is ensured (Pcmag, 2016). The application has managed to establish a name in the market and it is because of the interesting set of features and benefits that it provides to its users. Phishing protection without the need of browser plug-ins. High level of user interaction as the user is made aware of the activities carried out by the tool with the use of messages, alerts and also reports with utmost clarity. Security scans are automatically carried out and can also be scheduled. Wi-Fi scans to avoid the network based attacks. Ransomware protection and controls. Safety of financial transaction by implementing a security control called Safepay specifically for this category of transactions. With the set of benefits, there are also some of the weak points that are associated with the application that need to be understood before deciding to purchase or implement it in the organization. Security issues with the Password Manager in the application. Addition costs that are hidden at the time of purchase. Expansion Plan In the process of expansion by any organization, it is necessary to have enhanced level of planning so that the results that are achieved at the end are positive in nature. The same applied to the software company mentioned in the case study. The company must plan out the activities and tasks that it will cover to attain the goals of expansion. There are certain technological concepts that also be analyzed clearly. As a first step, the target set of customers and users shall be identified. A gap analysis must be performed on the existing solutions and required solutions. The latest developments and advancements in the field of security shall be researched. The findings shall be mapped with the requirements for the organization. The expansion process must include the phases as initiation and planning, analysis, execution, implementation and control. Marketing of the new services shall be done. The management shall also take initiatives to realize the goals and objectives of the expansion process. There must be correct allocation of roles and responsibilities along with regular inspections and reviews. There must also be specific teams set up in the areas of security, management and administration. This will ensure that the expansion process is successful. Conclusion There is a lot of work and research that is being executed in the areas of information and network security (Allen, 2012). There are various automated applications that have been developed to carry out encryption and IDRIX came up with its creation called VeraCrypt. The application has attracted hundreds and thousands of users and has a good market share and recognition as well. It implements disk encryption for the security of the information and data sets. Comodo Advanced Equipment is being extensively used by the business organizations and other users to experience an integrated approach to security. This application can also prove to be of great utility for the software company in the case study. There are various security solutions that are integrated in this application, such as, malware protection, Internet Security, intrusion detection and prevention, SSL certificates, firewalls, proxy servers and many more. Bitdefender Antivirus Plus is an anti-malware tool that makes sure that malware attacks are violated and security is ensured. All of these applications have managed to establish a name in the market and it is because of the interesting set of features and benefits that these provide to its users. With the changing nature of the threat landscape, mere identification of the threats and application of a response strategy is not enough. It is necessary to work on the root cause of the same and remove it from the organizational architecture so that the attacker does not attempt the same and similar attacks again. The application involve latest technologies and concepts that may be useful for the organization in its expansion process and these may be used in both of the modes that the organization uses for providing security solutions. There shall also be adequate planning and control that must be carried out for making sure that the goals and objectives are achieved. Recommendations Findings Technology is witnessing many changes and transformation at an extremely rapid rate. The lack of updates and the use of obsolete technology can enhance the probability of the security risks and attacks. It is, therefore, required that technological tools that are used are as per the latest advancements. The organization shall research on the use on advanced technologies like Artificial Intelligence, Big Data, Business Intelligence etc to improve the quality and usability of its security solutions. The existing services shall also be improved by applying these technological concepts (Brecht, 2012). The client requirements will not be same for every client and will depend upon a number of factors like industry type, likelihood of the security attacks, types of information sets etc. The method of implementing and developing the security solution shall be determined by analyzing all of these factors. The success or failure of the organization expansion will be highly dependent upon the management and leadership of the organization. The correct set of managerial and technical skills along with adequate monitoring and control will provide the desired results. There will also be many modifications and changes that will come up during this phase of expansion which shall be handled with the aid of a change management plan covering the steps as planning, management and reinforcement of the changes. References Allen, J. (2012). Deriving Software Security Measures from Information Security Standards of Practice. Retrieved 19 September 2017, from https://www.sei.cmu.edu/library/assets/whitepapers/derivingsecuritymeasures.pdf Bajwa, M. (2014). Wireless Network Security Threats and MitigationA Survey. Retrieved 19 September 2017, from https://file.scirp.org/pdf/_2014091813425297.pdf Brecht, M. (2012). A Closer Look at Information Security Costs Working Paper. Retrieved 19 September 2017, from https://www.econinfosec.org/archive/weis2012/papers/Brecht_WEIS2012.pdf Comodo. (2016). Comodo Launches Advanced Endpoint Protection Solution. comodo.com. Retrieved 19 September 2017, from https://www.comodo.com/news/press_releases/2016/02/comodo-launches-advanced-endpoint-protection.html Fearn, N. (2017). Top 5 best encryption tools of 2017. TechRadar. Retrieved 19 September 2017, from https://www.techradar.com/news/top-5-best-encryption-tools Gnanasankaran, N., Natarajan, S., Alagarsamy, K., Iyakutti, K. (2013). A Case Study of the Application of COTS Components in a Molecular Dynamics Software. Retrieved 19 September 2017, from https://www.lnse.org/papers/31-E060.pdf Hagen, J. (2013). Effectiveness of Organisational Information security measures. Retrieved 19 September 2017, from https://www.frisc.no/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/finse2013-hagen.pdf Haider, S., Samdani, G., Ali, M., Kamran, M. (2016). A comparvative analysis of In-house and outsorced development in software Industry. Retrieved 19 September 2017, from https://www.ijcaonline.org/archives/volume141/number3/haider-2016-ijca-909578.pdf Lippmann, R., Riordan, J. (2016). Threat-Based Risk Assessment for Enterprise Networks. Retrieved 19 September 2017, from https://ll.mit.edu/publications/journal/pdf/vol22_no1/22_1_3_Lippmann.pdf Mohammed Salim, R. (2016). Importance of network security for business organization. Retrieved 19 September 2017, from https://file://melstud/12047542$/Downloads/9120836%20(3).pdf Nazareth, D., Choi, J. (2015). A system dynamics model for information security management. Retrieved 19 September 2017, from https://ac.els-cdn.com/S0378720614001335/1-s2.0-S0378720614001335main.pdf?_tid=c703030a-8eb5-11e7-b607-00000aacb362acdnat=1504229883_21b0981211b42a588a985a023ef05aa3 Pcmag. (2016). Bitdefender Antivirus Plus. PCMag India. Retrieved 19 September 2017, from https://in.pcmag.com/bitdefender-antivirus-plus-2015/52300/review/bitdefender-antivirus-plus PCMag. (2017). VeraCrypt. PCMag Business Software Index. Retrieved 19 September 2017, from https://www.pcmag.com/business/directory/encryption/1671-veracrypt Roozbahani, F., Azad, R. (2015). Security Solutions against Computer Networks Threats. Retrieved 19 September 2017, from https://www.ijana.in/papers/V7I-1.pdf Shameli-Sendi, A. (2017). Taxonomy of Information Security Risk Assessment (ISRA). Retrieved 19 September 2017, from https://www.synchromedia.ca/system/files/SurveyRisk.pdf Stephenson, P. (2017). Comodo Advanced Endpoint Protection product review | SC Media UK. Scmagazineuk.com. Retrieved 19 September 2017, from https://www.scmagazineuk.com/comodo-advanced-endpoint-protection/review/9393/ Strom, D. (2016). 10 cutting-edge tools that take endpoint security to a new level. Network World. Retrieved 19 September 2017, from https://www.networkworld.com/article/3089361/endpoint-protection/10-cutting-edge-tools-that-take-endpoint-security-to-a-new-level.html Veracrypt. (2017). VeraCrypt. CodePlex. Retrieved 19 September 2017, from https://veracrypt.codeplex.com/

Why does conflict occur in the employment relationship

Introduction Work is basic to the individual condition. It establishes what we accomplish during much of our active lives. It encourages human interaction and it enables people to establish their sense of uniqueness.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Why does conflict occur in the employment relationship? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It enables people to fulfill their material needs and to benefit from modern inventions and achievements of civilization. â€Å"Our views towards work and its management have undergone significant changes over the past couple of decades, with much of it being the product of national contexts being increasingly subject to global economic influences† (Abbott 2006, p. 187). As a result, Administrators should try to devise better organizational strategies that can enable them to deal with workers efficiently. This paper examines causes of conflict in employment relationship with specific reference to Wal-Mart Company. One of the evident challenges in many organizations and companies is the occurrence of disagreements among employees and their managers. Workers can settle disputes that strain their relationships through various mechanisms. Generally, â€Å"most squabbles in organizations often revolve around issues related to wage demands, terms of service, administrative strategies, and company goals† (Dunlop 2008, p. 276). In broad terms, â€Å"employment relationship is concerned with the theory and practice associated with the management and regulation of the employment relationship† (Dundon 2007, p. 234). Specifically, it deals with social and sometimes political aspects of the workers association and the sharing of authority between the administration and workers. It is also concerned with the occurrence and expression of disputes and the legal and social regulatory structure in which workers relationships exist. Employment relationship is a modern expression that defines industrial relations. Industrial relations generally refer to the upholding of the association that exists between labor organizations and administration, and related processes that encompass collective bargaining, dialogue and discussion and industrial dispute (Daniels 2006, p. 24). The application of the expression ‘employment relations’, instead of industrial relations indicates the socio-economic and legal progress made in the employment relationship that have been witnessed over the past few decades (Stone 2005, p. 124). Disputes usually arise in employment relationship due to the absence of consultation by administrators with their laborers.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More For example, workers can frustrate the restructuring plans of a company if they are not involved in making such decisions. â€Å"Since participation is often concerned with negotiation, conflict may occur between employees and management, particularly, where employees participate in higher-level decisions and differing interests are most likely to be visible† (Stone 2005, p. 127). Wal-Mart is a leading retail chain in the United States of America. Founded in 1962, the company has since doubled its fortunes to become the dominant player in North America’s retail industry. Wal-Mart has since opened 3,800 stores in America and 2,800 stores across the globe. In 2010, the company hosted over 2.1 million workers in America and other parts of the world. Notwithstanding its financial fortunes, Wal-Mart has faced serious challenges in managing its multicultural and large labor force. It has not been able to provide a work environment that meets the expectation of its workers and the public. Wal-Mart’s failure to manage its human resources appropriately has had negative effects on its reputation and financial performan ce. Thus, there is a need to make changes in the company’s human resources management system. Application of Theories in Analyzing Workplace Relationship A number of theories can aid the analysis of the causes of conflict in employment relationship. The Unitarism theory begins from a number of suppositions and values which states that employment dispute is a preventable feature of interactions between administrators and workers. Disputes in the work environment may occasionally occur between these two parties, and they are an irregularity in a relationship, which is intrinsically likely to be helpful. â€Å"Those holding this perspective perceive managers and employees as having a common interest in the survival of their organizations, such that when conflicts occur it is unlikely to manifest itself to a point that will render the firm insolvent† (Fox 2006, p. 56). Personality challenges, unsuitable staffing, and promotion activities, usually cause separations and lack of unity in an organization. A rational administrative team should eliminate potential causes of disputes that may interfere with the normal operations of an organization.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Why does conflict occur in the employment relationship? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In other words, the management team should execute impartially and equitably staffing and promotion activities. Administrators should establish proper communication channels and alert workers about the core interests of the organization. Human relations theory that is guided by unitarism will form the basis of analyzing the employment conflict at Wal-Mart. Human relations theory states that minimizing workplace disputes depends on the capacity of workers to gain self-satisfaction in the organization. In this case, employees are a distinct entity from other materials applied in the production (Legge 1995, p. 345). Thus, â₠¬Å"if workers are denied autonomy on the job, or are reduced to acting as mere extensions of the machinery they operate, it is argued that they will invariably find ways to subvert the methods of control that enforce these conditions† (Gennard 2002, p. 202). The most important job of administrators is to influence industrial relations to make workers feel comfortable in serving in an organization. In addition, workers should contribute on matters related to the management of the organization (Beardwell Holden 1994, p. 456). The management should also enhance the workers’ skills so that they can have a better capacity to dispense their services to the organization. In whatever form, â€Å"the aim of this managerial approach to employee relations is one that seeks to reduce internal tensions by developing the sense of workplace satisfaction† (Gardner 1997, p. 94). The amount of wage compensation is one of the possible causes of strained relationships between worke rs and their managers. Wage disagreements often arise when workers increasingly find it hard to convince their managers to improve their salaries (Blyton Turnball 1998, p.156). For instance, the global financial crisis has pervaded many labor markets and the wage earners have been one of the key victims of its pernicious effects. In response to this crisis, many wage earners have tried to ameliorate their financial status by prodding for better wages from their employers. However, many employers often respond harshly to their employee’s demands for better wages. The endless bickering of Wal-Mart employees over meager wages exemplifies this problem. The Wal-Mart wage earners not only complain about skimpy remuneration, but they also lament about income discrepancy in the company. There is a huge difference between the salaries of the top management employees and the junior employees. Besides, junior employees’ wages are below the average industry rates. Thus, the manag ement of this company needs to change the compensation structure in order to improve employee satisfaction and productivity.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Poor terms of service can spark-off conflicts, which can impede cordial employment relationship (Lewis Thornhill, p. 25). Disputes concerning terms of service revolve around work schedules, retirement funds, promotion, and safety in the work environment. â€Å"Employers need to monitor physical working conditions and provide adequate protective clothing and equipment, first aid facilities, quality working equipment and amenities such as lunch rooms, change rooms and toilet facilities† (Salomon 2001, p. 57). At Wal-Mart, the level of employee dissatisfaction is also very high. Employees are not happy with the terms and conditions of their work. The workers have since accused Wal-Mart of providing inadequate medical cover, and refusing to pay for extra work hours. Therefore, it is necessary for Wal-Mart management to change the terms and conditions of employees’ contracts. Finally, Wal-Mart is experiencing a very high turnover, especially, among the junior employees bec ause they find the terms of service at the company intolerable. Wal-Mart should reorganize and improve its retention program immediately to motivate the workers. Labor organizations, Christian associations, and the nongovernmental organizations have often made serious protests in response to the poor terms of service that employees at various outlets of Wal-Mart are facing. Notably, trade unions are against the anti-union policy that the company uses to wall-off its workers from accessing the benefits of unionization. The management of this company has put many obstacles that bar employees from seeking union membership. For instance, â€Å"Wal-Mart rejected the Employee Free Choice Act (EFCA), that would make it easier for workers to unionize by removing the employer’s ability to demand a secret ballot in union elections, and which would require mandatory arbitration of labor disputes† (Zimmerman, A Maher, K 2008). Wal-Mart imposed serious penalties on its employees s eeking unionization. For example, Wal-Mart more often than not penalizes its employees that report violation of their labor prerogatives. Wal-Mart managers either dismiss antagonistic workers unethically or relegate them to secondary roles in the company so that their experiences can dissuade others from demanding for better terms. Wal-Mart managers also use such penalties to muzzle the workers; hence, they cannot share their work related problems with the media. In 2005, Wal-Mart faced two serious protests by consumer associations in the USA, which expressed their great disappointment due to the failure of the company to sort out its labor disputes amicably. In addition, the Norwegians government barred Wal-Mart in 2006 from participating in their savings scheme of the Retirement Fund since a social audit that was conducted to evaluate its labor practices revealed that it was violating the stipulated labor codes in many counties in which it operates. Some time ago, Wal-Mart was sub jecting its workers to long-night shifts without giving them commensurate compensation. Some workers also complained that they locked inside their workstations at night so that they could do more work. The high levels of investment returns that Wal-Mart has registered over the past few years, shows that it is engaging in industrial relations malpractices. In 2007, Wal-Mart’s female workers sought legal action to end the prevalence of gender discrimination that meted against them, especially, on payment and promotion matters. Since the retail industry is labor intensive, the employees play a critical role in achieving the goals and objectives of retail companies. The implication of this fact is that Wal-Mart’s failure to implement the above changes is likely to result into the following consequences. First, high levels of employee dissatisfaction will result into low productivity due lack of motivation. Second, Wal-Mart is likely to lose its talented employees due to hi gh turnover (Andreeva 2006, pp. 141-150). Employees who are aware of their worth are likely to move to other firms if their expectations cannot be met at Wal-Mart. As Wal-Mart loses its talented employees to competitors, its competitiveness will also reduce. Wal-Mart is currently facing dozens of lawsuits for failing to provide acceptable work environment. Such lawsuits are associated with compensations, which will cost the firm millions of dollars. Finally, cases of fraud will increase due to poor employee compensations. Studies reveal that employees tend to embezzle funds if their wages are insufficient. Wal-Mart can circumvent these consequences by implementing changes in the compensation structure, retention program, and work conditions. In 2011, â€Å"Wal-Mart sub-contractors, Impact Logistics and Premiere Warehousing Ventures, which were employed through Schneider Logistics warehouses in Mira Loma, California, were fined by the California State Labor Department for disregardi ng federal and state wage laws† (California Department of Labor Relations, 2011). Wal-Mart’s management should first plan for its human resources and then attract or recruit the right employees. Human resources planning refer to â€Å"a process of identifying current and future human resources needs for an organization to achieve its goals† (Stefanescu 2011, pp. 104-107). This process involves identifying the optimal number of employees, the needed competencies, and the timeline in acquiring the needed human resources. Effective human resource planning will enable Wal-Mart to employ only the number of workers that it can afford to compensate at the prevailing industry wage rate. Hence, the problem of dissatisfaction attributed to poor pay will reduce. Wal-Mart should focus on both internal and external recruitment strategies. Internal recruitment involves giving existing employees an opportunity to fill existing vacancies. On the other hand, external recruitment involves hiring workers from outside the company. Internal recruitment will help in reducing employee dissatisfaction in the following ways. First, it will give the employees an opportunity to develop their careers through promotion (Abe 2007, pp. 567-570). Second, promoting employees is a way of recognizing their capabilities. Employees are likely to be highly motivated if their efforts are recognized and rewarded accordingly. External recruiting gives the company an opportunity to hire people with fresh ideas, which will be instrumental in implementing acceptable labor practices in the future. Developing a Quality Workforce Employee development is a mutual and continuous process in which the employee and the managers work together to improve the employee’s knowledge, skills, as well as, ability. It helps in improving employee satisfaction by enhancing high motivation levels. High levels of satisfaction will result into financial gains through high productivity. Thus, Wal-Ma rt will have enough funds to offer attractive compensation packages. Employee development will also help in reducing turnover by enabling employees to improve their skills through training. Introducing appropriate on-the-job training programs will help Wal-Mart to improve the knowledge, skills, and abilities of its employees. An effective performance appraisal procedure will be required to aid employee development. Performance appraisal involves the analysis of the successes and failures of an employee. This process helps in determining the training needs of individual employees, and the criteria for rewarding top performers. A fair performance appraisal system is, therefore, an essential tool for enhancing satisfaction among employees and reducing turnover. Employee orientation is also important in retaining employees. In this regard, Wal-Mart should provide its newly hired employees with information about its policies, goals, procedures, and organizational culture. Turnover is lik ely to reduce if employees are fully aware of the goals of the organization, as well as, the terms and conditions of their contracts. Maintaining a Quality Workforce Wal-Mart can retain its valued employees through the following strategies. First, it should rework its compensation and benefit structure. Employees’ salaries should reflect their efforts, and be comparable to the prevailing industry salaries. Performance and competence is one the feasible mechanisms for setting wages that this company can adopt. The company must provide incentives such as medical cover, compensation for overtime hours, and retirement benefits. The company must adhere to the labor laws when giving such incentives. Wal-Mart can realize employee retention and turnover reduction by engaging the employees in making decisions. Workers will be more committed if they are allowed to contribute ideas and suggestions that inform management decisions. This gives employees a sense of belonging, and reduces t heir chances of leaving the company. Introducing reward programs and reinforcing appropriate behavior will also help in retaining the employees. Employees have a basic need to feel appreciated. Thus, recognizing their efforts and rewarding them through incentive programs such as bonuses make them more satisfied with their jobs. Finally, Wal-Mart can implement the intended changes through labor-management relations. Labor-management relation is concerned with recognizing the rights of all parties in an organization or an employment contract. In this context, Wal-Mart should recognize and respect employees’ right to fair compensation, acceptable work conditions, and career development (Sparrow 2000, pp. 213-218). Conclusion The inevitability of disputes in an organization is a view that is widely held by pluralists. It can assist in making recommendations that can be used to end the strained industrial relations experienced at Wal-Mart. â€Å"By recognizing the inevitability o f workplace conflict, those holding this perspective tend to regard conflict as necessary for the health of an enterprise as it serves to bring grievances held by workers to the surface† (Leat 2006, p. 68). Therefore, managers should take the occurrence of disputes at Wal-Mart positively, and they should use it as an opportunity to search for innovative mechanisms for dealing with it in a manner that will provide the best outcomes. Recognition of the existence of various sources of power, especially, from shop stewards can enable Wal-Mart to handle industrial relations disagreements collectively. In this regard, â€Å"it will not only minimize the level of workplace conflict, but it will also encourage fairer outcomes by enabling employees to organize and counter-balance the power of managers when negotiating workplace contracts† (Rose 2008, p. 87). It is against this background that Wal-Mart should recognize the lawful prerogative of workers to negotiate jointly and la bor organizations to serve at this level on their behalf. Addressing these challenges necessitates changes in the company’s compensation and benefits structure, employee retention programs, and work conditions (Guest, Peccei Thomas 1993, p. 194). Failure to implement these changes will lead to adverse effects on the competitiveness of the firm. Wal-Mart should formulate and implement these changes through appropriate methods of attracting, developing, and retaining employees. Reference List Abbott, K 2006, ‘A Review of Employment Relations Theories and Their Application’, Problems and Perspectives in Management, vol. 3 no. 4, p.187. Abe, M 2007, ‘Corporate Finance and Human Resources Management’, Journal of Urban Economics, vol. 56 no.11, pp. 567-570. Andreeva, T 2006, ‘Human Resources Management During Organizational Change in Russian Companies’, Russian Management Journal, vol. 3 no. 2, pp.141-150. Beardwell, I Holden, L 1994, Human Resource Management: A Contemporary Perspective, Pitman: London. Blyton, P Turnbull, P 1998, The Dynamics of Employee Relations, Macmillan: London. California Department of Labor Relations, 2011, California Labor Commissioner Issues Additional $616,250 Citation in Riverside County Warehouse, viewed on Case http://markets.financialcontent.com/stocks/news/read/19999260/California_Labor_Commissioner_Issues_Additional_$616 Daniels, K 2006, Employee Relations in an Organizational Context, CIPD: New York. Dundon, T 2007, Understanding Employment Relations, McGraw Hill: Maidenhead. Dunlop, J 2008, Industrial Relations Systems, Rhinehart Winston: New York. Fox, A 2006, Industrial Sociology and Industrial Relations, Oxford University Press: London. Gennard, J 2002, Employee Relations, Wimbledon: London. Guest, D, Peccei, R Thomas, A 1993, ‘The impact of employee involvement on organisational commitment and ‘them and us’ attitudes’, Industrial Relations Journal, v ol. 2 no.14, pp.191-200. Leat, M 2006, Exploring Employee Relations: An International Approach, Butterworth Heinemann: Oxford. Legge, K 1995, Human Resource Management: Rhetorics and Realities, Macmillan: London. Lewis, P Thornhill, A 2003, Employee Relations: understanding the employment relationship, Prentice Hall: New York. Rose, E 2008, Employment Relations, Prentice Hall: New York. Salamon, M 2000, Industrial Relations: theory and practice, Prentice Hall: New York. Sparrow, P 2000, ‘New employee behaviours, work designs and forms of work organisation: what is in store for the future of work?’, Journal of Manegerial Psychology, vol. 4 no.1, pp. 202-218. Stefanescu, F 2011, ‘The Human Resource Management in the Context of Economic Crisis’, Romanian Economic Bussiness Review, vol. 6 no.1, pp.104-117. Stone, R 2005, Human Resource Management, Wiley Son: Milton. Zimmerman, A Maher, K 2008, Wal-Mart Warns of Democratic Win, viewed on https://www.wsj.com/a rticles/SB121755649066303381 This essay on Why does conflict occur in the employment relationship? was written and submitted by user Camren D. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Meiji Strategy For Economic Growth Essays - Empire Of Japan

Meiji Strategy For Economic Growth Essays - Empire Of Japan Meiji Strategy for Economic Growth The Meiji government during the 1880's created both an institutional and constitution structure that allowed Japan in the coming decades to be a stabile and industrializing country. Two major policies and strategies that reinforced stability and economic modernization in Japan were the creation of a national public education system and the ratification of the Meiji constitution. Both these aided in stability and thus economic growth. The creation of a national education system aided in creating stability because it indoctrinated youth in the ideas of loyalty, patriotism, and obedience. Japan's education system at first stressed free thought and the ideas of individual's exploration of knowledge but by 1890 the education system of Japan became a tool for indoctrination into what Peter Duus calls "a kind of civil religion" with the Imperial Rescript on Education. This Rescript stressed two things. First, it stressed loyalty to the emperor and to a lesser extant to the state. In every classroom a picture of the emperor was placed. Second, the education system stressed self sacrifice to the state and family. Filial piety was taught in schools and applied not only to the family but also to the national family which included father, teacher, official and employer. The Japanese education system also created a system of technical schools and universities both public and private that educated a growing class of Japanese on how to use new western machinery, administrate government and run private industries. The Japanese education system following the Rescript on Education served primarily to teach people what to think and not how to think; and as Edwin Reischauer stated, "Japan pioneered in the modern totalitarian technique of using the educational system for indoctrination and was in fact decades ahead of countries like Germany in perfecting these techniques." Japan's education system was a tool in creating for Japan a reliable citizenry who respected the government and had the knowledge to act as "technically efficient clogs" in the new industries and administration that an industrializing state created. The ratification of the Meiji constitution drafted in the summer of 1887 and signed into law in 1889 helped create a stable constitutional order in Japan. The constitution was a gift of the emperor to the people and was made up of a complicated set of checks and balances between the emperor, his cabinet, and the Diet. The constitution although it granted voting rights to only one percent of the population in Japan was well received by the people and played a critical role in lending legitimacy to the oligarchy (Genro) who ran the government. Before the constitution the Genro had little basis in theory for their continued rule other then they spoke for the emperor. But the constitution with its elections and bicameral diet lender legitimacy to the rule of the oligarchy. The constitution also brought Japan at least in the minds of the oligarchy to parity with western political institutions. Indeed, the ruling group in Japan passed the constitution through not because of popular pressure but because they thought a constitution and parliamentary government was a necessary part of the political machinery that helped make western powers strong. In the long term the parliamentary government of Japan and its constitution provided a stable government with its mix of oligarchy, monarchy, and a little democracy for the wealthy. It ensured investors and the Zaibutsu a say in government and promoted growth by creating a stabile government that was critical to ensuring investors will put capital in businesses. Both the new education and governmental structure of Japan passed in the 1880's and 1890's was essential to Japanese stability and economic and industrial growth.

Endormir French Verb Conjugations to Know

Endormir French Verb Conjugations to Know The action of falling asleep or going to bed can be described with the French verb  endormir. Literally to put to sleep or to send to sleep,  endormir  is a form of  dormir  (to sleep). In order to say this in the past, present, or future tense, a verb conjugation is required. This one is a bit of a challenge, but if you study it along with  dormir, it will be just a little easier. Conjugating the French Verb  Endormir Endormir  is an  irregular verb, so it doesnt follow any of the most common verb conjugation patterns found in French. However, it is not entirely alone because most French verbs ending in  -mir,  -tir, or  -vir  are conjugated with the same endings. That said, the conjugations of  endormir  are not terribly difficult or abnormal. First, we must identify the verb stem, which is  endor-. Then we can begin to add the infinitive endings that pair the tense with the appropriate subject pronoun. For instance, adding an -s  in the present tense  je  creates jendors, meanings I am putting to sleep or, less literally, I am going to bed. Likewise, when we add the ending -mirons, we create the  nous  future tense nous endormirons, or we will put to sleep. Admittedly, conjugating the English to put to sleep is not simple and some interpretation in the translation is required. Subject Present Future Imperfect j endors endormirai endormais tu endors endormiras endormais il endort endormira endormait nous endormons endormirons endormions vous endormez endormirez endormiez ils endorment endormiront endormaient The Present Participle of  Endormir When you add -ant  to the verb stem of  endormir, the  present participle  endormant  is formed. This can be an adjective, gerund, or noun as well as a verb. The Past Participle and Passà © Composà © The past tense can also be formed with the  passà © composà ©. To construct this, begin by conjugating the  auxiliary verb  avoir  to fit the subject pronoun, then attach the  past participle  endormi. For example, I went to sleep is jai endormi while we went to sleep is nous avons endormi. More Simple   Endormir  Conjugations At first, its recommended to focus on the conjugations above because theyre the most useful and common. Once you have those committed to memory, study these other simple forms of  endormir. When there is no guarantee to the verbs action, the subjunctive verb mood may be used. In a similar manner, if the action will only happen if something else takes place, the conditional verb mood is employed. In formal writing, the passà © simple and the imperfect subjunctive are used. Subject Subjunctive Conditional Pass Simple Imperfect Subjunctive j endorme endormirais endormis endormisse tu endormes endormirais endormis endormisses il endorme endormirait endormit endormt nous endormions endormirions endormmes endormissions vous endormiez endormiriez endormtes endormissiez ils endorment endormiraient endormirent endormissent The imperative verb form is used for commands and direct requests. These are short statements and the subject pronoun is not required: use endors rather than tu endors. Imperative (tu) endors (nous) endormons (vous) endormez

Psychology -The difference of aggressive and submissive behaviours Essay

Psychology -The difference of aggressive and submissive behaviours between chimpanzees and l'hoest monkeys - Essay Example Submissive behaviour on the other hand, can be dangerous for primates who operate in a no-holds-barred â€Å"dog-eat-dog† world. Submissive animals are more likely to hunted, less able to defend themselves and their offspring and more quickly likely to become prey. Is there a biological basis for certain types of behavioural traits in animals? Are some primates more aggressive than others? Animal behaviour has always been addressed by zoologists. Studies from the Colchester zoo have addressed a variety of behavioural traits among primates. In her study entitled, â€Å"The effect of a foraging enrichment on the behaviour of buffy-headed capuchin monkeys†, Amanda Skornia observed primate behaviour for six days and discovered positive behavioural differences in buffy-headed capuchin monkeys following enclosed environmental enrichment (Skornia 2002). In a study of aggression in captive patas monkey, Donna Miller observed the behaviour of this primate following a collective move to a new enclosure. Overall activity and aggressive behaviour was observed following the move but a direct correlation between the actual aggression and the move could not be adequately established (Miller 2002). Although not a primate-specific study, in her insightful analysis of behaviour among lions, Hayley Monaghan looked at different behavioural traits between zoo lions and safari lions (2002). She undertook this study on the effects of captivity and determined that there is a significant difference between activity levels of lions in the zoo and in safari parks. The active behaviour of male and female lions was significantly higher in the zoo than in the safari. As we shall see in the Discussion section of this essay, the Monaghan study, although not directly tied to primate behaviour, will have important implications for future research on behavioral differences between chimpanzees and lHoest primates. The particular behaviours of

Dante in 2011 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Dante in 2011 - Essay Example This blogger uses the same religious structure as Dante, creating circles of hell which are like the circles in Inferno, but rather than filling them with tortures that would be terrible with anyone he shows how hard it is to live with an atheist in society today. Dante’s structure, based on hell, purgatory and heaven are not a big barrier to people in our modern/postmodern world liking Dante, nor do they make it out of date. Everyone still knows what hell, heaven and so on are, and can understand the structure very well, and as this blogger shows can still make very funny content that fits into that religious structure. The first non-religious blogger talks about the fact that he thinks the Divine Comedy is â€Å"the most overrated book in history.† He says that he understands the political situation of the time, understands why people are where he put them and so on. But the problem is that understanding is not the same thing as actually getting the cleverness of work . When someone has to explain a joke to you, you can understand why it is funny after they have explained it but that does not mean that you will ever actually find it funny. For instance, if someone from Italy today made a joke about the prime minister of Italy suffering from the punishment of having to run from one beautiful naked woman to another for all eternity without ever being able to reach them, but still having to make each one of the beautiful women a senator, an Italian person would probably think it was clever or funny because they would know that the Italian Prime Minister has a habit of sleeping with models and making them senators, and would understand immediately why the punishment was clever. To someone from Mexico, however, the joke would not make any sense at first, and once it was explained the person could still understand it but would no longer find it funny or clever. So even though the blogger â€Å"gets it† because he kind of understands the politica l situation and has read short explanations of how each punishment fit each person, he will never truly understand how clever it would have been to the people who lived in Dante’s time. A good example of this problem can be found in Purgatio. In Purgatory, Dante meets a person, Omberto Aldobrandeschi, who is overly proud and that is why he was put in purgatory. He was very proud because of his descent, saying â€Å"I was Italian, son of a great Tuscan: / My father was Guiglielmo Aldobrandesco† (Canto XI). For someone today to understand why this is funny or representative, they would have to understand things like the reputation of both Italians and Tuscans, and how much pride they took in their parents and family. Even once this is explained, someone can â€Å"get it† without it truly seeming clever still. If, however, one wrote a book today about Paris Hilton being in purgatory because she was too proud of her family history, everyone today would understand it and think it is clever immediately. This type of satire just does not age well, and one must accept while reading it that they will never truly enjoy it in

Water Resource Challenges Essay Example for Free

Water Resource Challenges Essay Irrigation allows farmers to increase the productivity of land. Food production is an important concern particularly with the ever increasing population thus it is essential that even arid and semiarid lands are utilized. This is only possible through irrigation. Unfortunately, traditional irrigation generally makes inefficient use of water. This involves flooding the land or diverting water through open channels. However, plants absorb only about 40 percent while the rest evaporates into the atmosphere or seeps into the ground. One of the most important innovations in agricultural water conservation is micro irrigation which is also called drip or trickle irrigation. Micro irrigation includes all methods of frequent water application, in small flow rates, on or below the soil surface. Water is distributed using an extensive hydraulic pipe network that conveys water from its source to the plant. Ideally, the volume of water is applied directly to the root zone in quantities that is measured in accordance to the plant’s absorption capacity. Due to the manner in which water is applied by a micro irrigation system, only a portion of the soil surface and root zone of the total field is wetted. An efficiency in irrigation is achieved that result in a significant reduction in water use and even that of fertilizers which can be conveyed through the same system. With water concentrated on the area where it is most needed, it also allows the safe use of recycled water and even water sources with high salt content without danger to the over soil productivity. However, the costs can be prohibitive thus not all are able to install such a system in the farms.

Society’s Greatest Tragedy Essay -- Warfare

In 415 B.C.E., the Greek playwright Euripides created The Trojan Women, a play that is arguably one of the best studies of the horrific aspects of war ever written. In her analysis of the play, Professor C.A.E. Luschnig maintains, "[Euripides] has made the Trojan War stand for every war†¦ For war is society's great tragedy: victory is an illusion" (8). While the negative elements of war portrayed by Euripides can be found in all wars and even war’s victors must suffer their defeats, there is an even greater tragedy to society than war itself. War is but one result of the inherent evil nature of men and women and that evil nature, not war, is society’s greatest tragedy. The Trojan women of the play were Hecuba, the wife of the late King of Troy; Kassandra, Hecuba's virgin daughter; and Andromache, wife of the slain Hector and mother of Astyanax. Other vanquished women of Troy compose the chorus. The young child Astyanax was also from Troy. He represents the innocent victims of war. Also from Troy at the time of the play was Helen, the daughter of Zeus and Leda. She is central to the play and was the cause of the Trojan War, but was not a Trojan. The Greeks in the play are Talthybios, herald and friend to the commander of the Greek army, Agamemnon. In addition, Melelaos is the brother of Agamemnon and was the husband of Helen before she left Greece to be with Hecuba’s son. Agamemnon does not appear in the play but is central to the story. Gods in the play are Poseidon, the god of the sea, and Athena, the goddess of wisdom and justice. Because the Greeks have offended both gods by their actions, the gods conspire to punish the Greeks. The play focuses on the aftermath of the Trojan War and the time leading up to the departure of th... ... the combatants for each war must be made with historical perspective and will always be debated. It is certain, however, that a war fought to depose a madman bent on the annihilation of a race of people is more justifiable than a war fought to take revenge on a wayward wife and her new homeland. The desire to commit genocide is not the product of war but the result of the evil that reside in every man and woman. That evil is society’s greatest tragedy. War is simply a byproduct of that evil. Works Cited Curriculum Vitae: C.A.E. Luschnig." Letters, Arts & Social Sciences. Web. 10 Apr. 2012. Euripides. The Trojan Women. Trans. Diskin Clay. Newburyport, MA: Focus Classical Library, 2005. Print. Luschnig, C.A.E. "Euripides' "Trojan Women:" All Is Vanity." The Classical World 65.1 (1971): 8-12. Print.

Comparison and Contrast Paper: Medieval Characteristics

Prior Expectations Regarding Literary Masterpieces Patsy Baker ENG/106 March 25, 2013 Sandra Rooks Prior Expectations Regarding Literary Masterpieces Literature reveals the soul of a civilization. The manner in which a civilization develops is in direct correlation with the quality and nature of its literature. Literary masterpieces are treasure troves to be read, analyzed, and enjoyed. At first, many ancient masterpieces may seem hard to comprehend for a novice reader; however, the effort exerted to grasp their merit is well worth the result. A Yiddish saying states that life without creativity is existence without joy.Obtaining an understanding and appreciation of successful literature opens the door to learning about the author, the author’s culture, and the necessary elements to emulate the techniques to produce such a masterpiece. Exposure to literary masterpieces began in my high school years. Ontario educational standards required every student to take classes in Greek, Roman, and Norse literature. Learning ancient Greek and Latin enriched my education and understanding of the value of their literature, and studies of the techniques and styles of each genre.Comprehending the nuances of their languages enhanced the comprehension of these masterpieces. Also I learned illiteracy of the general populous was the reason for early writings written in poetic format so it could be sung. Hesiod, Homer, and Virgil were the master-storytellers who used elements such as personification, metaphors, onomatopoeia, and similes to make their stories come alive to the listener; for example, â€Å"The fertile earth being burnt, roared out†¦Ã¢â‚¬  provides an auditory picture of the viciousness of the battle (2008, p. 59). The Theogony†, â€Å"Iliad,† and â€Å"Aeneid† describe the hierarchy and intrigue of the immortals, including their interaction among themselves and with mortals. The style and techniques applied in literary masterpieces should reflect the religion, culture, or historical influences of the author’s life experiences. These elements contribute to the substance of the author’s presentation. For example, it would be extremely difficult for the Book of Genesis to be as effective in teaching the creation of mankind if it were written by a person whose religion was polytheistic.One of the key theme’s of Genesis is monotheism and that the Supreme Being created all things. Plato’s â€Å"The Apology† could have been incoherent and less effective without his knowledge of the knack of rhetoric learned from such teachers as Socrates. Sophocles understood the suffering of violence from living through the Peloponnesian Wars. Also his setting for â€Å"Oedipus the King† was Colonus, the same town he grew up in. Of note, he is acknowledged as the creator of skenographia—scene painting helping to define better the setting for his play. Finally, Sophocles used symbolism for the name of the hero—â€Å"Oidipous† means swollen foot.This name emphasizes the angst of Oedipus who was taunted in his youth. (2008, p. 501). The authenticity of the author’s writing must reflect the author’s life. The reader’s expectation of the author’s purpose for writing the literary masterpiece should not be a determinant for the reader’s expectations of its content. The purpose should become evident upon reading the entire piece. For example, the biblical story of Daniel in the lions’ den inspires courage and faith. The graphic violence in â€Å"Oedipus the King† is disturbing; however, it is thought-provoking.Some literary masterpieces can be painful. For example, reading the Apostle Luke’s description of Jesus’ crucifixion is emotionally painful and haunting; however, it spiritually enlightens the reader. Understanding literary masterpieces may be difficult to comprehend but not boring. Prede termined expectations of the purpose or proper reactions from literary pieces prejudice the reader and should, therefore, be avoided. Enthusiastic high school English teachers and talented Ancient Greek and Latin teachers encouraged my understanding and appreciation of literary masterpieces.Sometimes, it is hard for a teenager to believe the word â€Å"modern† is not always the best, and the word â€Å"ancient† is not always unpalatable. From these encounters, my understanding of cultures, religions, and writing skills expanded. I learned the effectiveness of literary devices such as irony, allegory, onomatopoeia, and satire. The historical time frame of the writing, the cultural aspects of the writer, and historical events within the piece are important aspects in evaluating the quality of literature.If possible, reading literature in its original language helps to increase the appreciation of the quality of its excellence. Finally, reading a piece of literature more than once may enlighten a reader concerning its qualities. Important characteristics of literary masterpieces must focus on artistic excellence, intellectual value, spiritual value, permanence, universal appeal, style, and be thought provoking. No literary piece can stand the test-of-time without these attribu tes. Consider the Torah and the Christian Bible. Their spiritual appeal affects millions of lives.Both have existed throughout the ages. They are thought provoking and have unique styles. The Psalms are well-known and possess all these attributes. For example, Psalms 23 is sung in both Jewish and Christian places of worship. The value of literary masterpieces to the world is immeasurable. There are some important influences of literary masterpieces on modern society. Freud based some of his concepts of psychoanalysis on Sophocles’ character of Oedipus. The Twelve Commandments from the Torah are the basis for civil laws prohibiting murder and theft.Concepts of human kind ness and acts of charity are based on Jesus’ teaching in the Four Gospels. Charitable and religious groups practice acts of kindness based on these writings. The aforementioned examples demonstrate the importance of literary masterpieces on modern society. Literature is a window allowing readers to see the personality of a civilization. It is a window to the mores, ideals, creativity, and spiritual heart of a civilization. There is immeasurable cultural and spiritual wealth in literary masterpieces.Although some literary masterpieces are difficult to understand, they are a spring of enlightenment to those who strive to grasp their value. The comprehension and admiration of literary masterpieces is a key to obtaining awareness and comprehension of the value of the writings. This key provides a portal to the world of the author, the civilization, and the tools to create such a work of art. Reference Damrosch, D. , Alliston, A. , Brown, M. , duBois, P. , Hafez, S. , Heise, U. K. , et al (2008). The Longman Anthology of World Literature. New York, NY: Pearson Education Inc.

Anatomy and Physiology of the Breast

Anatomy & Physiology Information Flowchart/Display The Incredible Human Body Flip Charts 03. 03. 001 Your body is one of the most amazing machines you'll find anywhere! Find out what's inside of you, and learn about how your different organs work. Look at the clear plastic overlay charts to see how the different body structures fit together. And when think you've learned everything, try out the Mix ; Match Human Body Sticker Quiz! The is flowchart includes: 12 body charts, 5 guesthouse layer posters and 18 reusable peel-off stickers. Copyright 2008, Hastings ; Rather Health Promotion Resources CentrePage 1 Anatomy ; Physiology Game The Body Game 03. 04. 001 Jane Bunting and Jane Coney All children are fascinated by the human body and how it works. The Body Game is a fun way for children to find out about different parts of the human body and discover what these parts of the body can do. Designed for children aged 3 to 6. Page 2 Anatomy ; Physiology Model/Teaching Aid Cross Section He art Model 03. 07. 020 Female Reproductive Display 03. 07. 017 This soft foamed model separates to create a cross-section view of the heart for hands-on classroom demonstrations. https://donemyessay.com/anatomy-and-physiology/The areas of the heart are labeled on the inside. Model measures CACM in diameter. Ages 7+ The Female Reproductive Display effectively shows the parts of the female each part has and process of fertilization. Complete with 7 removable parts, 8 labels, teachers' notes and work sheet. Size 42 x CACM. Eye In Orbit 03. 07. 010 Flexible Spine 03. 07. 012 This model shows the eye with optic nerve in its position in the bone orbit (floor and medical wall). The eyeball is dismissible into both halves of the sclera with cornea and eye muscles, both halves of choroids with iris and retina, lens and vitreous humor. Times fulfills, with 7 parts. Dimensions: 18 x 26 x LLC. Flexible Spine with Pelvis: showing indications of spinal cord, nerve roots, vertebral arteries and prolapsed disc. Complete with stand. Giant Three-part Ear 03. 07. 01 1 Female Pelvis 03. 07. 002 A detailed representation of the female pelvis (median section) with sexual organs is given in this two-part, life- size model. Its internal sexual organs, urinary bladder, and rectum are removable. Dwarfing ordinary ear models, this unbreakable polymer reproduction depicts the human organ of hearing and balance scaled to 5 times life size.Thirty-six hand- numbered features are identified in the accompanying key. Overall dimensions of Giantess: 16 x 11 x 7 inches (41 x 26 x CACM) Page 3 with a stand, and has movable arms and legs. Head & Neck: Median Section 03. 07. 004 Organ Tunic This model (median section of head & neck) is life-size and shows important This highly tactile resource, includes 11 velour-on D organs and it is embroidered with a pelvis, spine and D ribcage. The intestine may be unraveled to show its length. Includes a set of 11 detailed labels and a reference sheet. Size 700 XML Heart: Model 03. 07. 006This heart model is enlarged to about twice natural size and can be separated into four parts, mounted on a base. Pelvic Model 03. 07. 014 Male Reprod uctive Display 03. 07. 021 A convenient, portable model providing a dimensional visual aid, can be used to demonstrate the insertion and location of a diaphragm or intra-uterine device to patients. Lunches an information Brochure Pupils need to understand the process of reproduction; using this interactive display the main components of the reproductive organs are clearly demonstrated. Includes 9 removable parts, 9 labels, teachers' notes and worksheets. Size 42 x CACM.Section Of Skin 03. 07. 005 Relief model of the skin showing two hair follicles (fully exposed and in section) and two sweat-glands. On a base and approximately 70 times enlarged. Mini-skeleton 03. 07. 008 Approximately 26†³ high, this mint-skeleton is a first-class model of a human skeleton. Suitable for teaching basic anatomy, it comes Copyright 2008, Hastings & Rather Health Promotion Resources Centre Page 4 Unhealthy Organ Pack 03. 07. 009 The Anatomical Chart Series This Anatomical Chart Series features 48 t itles in full color. Charts sorted into 3 sections:- Systems of the Body, Structures/Organs and Disease/Disorders.Pop open the hidden easel, flip charts for individual viewing. Ideal for studying human anatomy, patient consultation or quick reference. Using differing textures, colors & lumps these organs show the harmful effects of smoking and alcohol. The pack includes 8 organs, 7 labels, 10 blank labels and detailed teacher's notes. This pack of organs is highly effective when used in conjunction with the organ tunic [03. 07. 003]. The Human Body: Bag Of Bones 03. 07. 015 This realistic embroidered skeleton has a full set of bones which velour to the aground. The background can be folded into a carry case for storage.Includes 20 fabric bones, 2 sets of labels and reference sheet. Size: 50 x 140 CM (unfolded) Torso 03. 07. 001 This mint-torso shows anatomical details and consists of seven removable parts. ? Right and left lung? Heart? Liver? Stomach? Small and large undomesticated on a stand. Page 5 Anatomy & Physiology CD-Room body, and learn about everlastingly part where it is found, what it does, and how it works. My Amazing Human Body 03. 09. 003 My Amazing Human Body CD-Room is packed with interactive games, hilarious animation, and stunning D graphics.Not only will it give children a unique insight into the workings of the human body, it will also stimulate them to investigate for themselves. They will love taking the body apart, extracting teeth, taking x-rays and measuring organs. Promotes active learning and makes â€Å"finding-out† fun. Simple navigation makes this CD-Room ideal for school or at home. The Ultimate d Skeleton The Ultimate D Skeleton CD-Room enables you to explore the entire human skeleton in D. Not only can you identify and learn the function of every bone in your body, oh can also play film sequences that allow you to look at bones from unusual angles.The index is specially designed to give the user access to information on any part of the human skeleton and the exciting quiz feature tests what you have learnt. The Ultimate Human Body 03. 09. 001 This CD-ROOM takes the most fascinating Journey of all – an exploratory trip into the secret world of the human body it-self! You can look beneath your skin, take a guided tour of the structure, systems, and organs of your Copyright 2008, Hastings & Rather Health Promotion Resources Centre Page 6 Anatomy & Physiology Video Bones & Movement 03. 1 1. 001 accompanies the series.Aimed at 9-11 year olds. Heart & Circulation This video incorporates live-action, animation and x-rays illustrating how bones are held together by ligaments, how different kinds of Joints function, and how bones are cushioned from shock. The process of the body's healing of a broken bone and the positive effect of gravity on bone strength are also demonstrated. 03. 11. 002 Food & Growth 03. 1 1. 003 This video explains that for the human body to remain alive and active, its cells ha ve o be supplied with nutrients and oxygen and waste products must be carried away.This process is accomplished by your blood and heart, which keep blood traveling through two complete circuits. This video explains how we grow and the importance of food to the human body. Explaining in detail how the digestive system works. The Human Body 03. 1 1. 004 Health E: Series 1 03. 11 . 005 woman called Blood.

Florida Healthcare System

Florida Healthcare System Abstract Revenue management in any organization involves four basic elements, which are very vital. These include policy planning, assessment, evaluation and corrective measures. For any organization to run successfully it must have a planning method for its revenues that is concise and meets the organizational needs. In fact, technical expertise is needed in carrying out the plan for implementation.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Florida Healthcare System specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More After the planning process, the organizations need to set achievable goals and objectives within the scope of its work. The goals and objectives should be measurable and specific to maintain focus of the workforce. The stakeholders need to come up with an action plan that they follow to meet their set limits. The action plan set must denote time and give clear responsibilities to the entire stakeholder. Evaluation and cont rol measures are the final part in policy management that gauge the achievements against the goals set. Corrective measures also need to be followed when deviations are detected. A study in Florida revenue structure reveals several issues of concern, especially in the health care sector. The revenue collected by the local government and redistributors among the population majorly runs the public health care system. This calls for a proper revenue management by local government to reduce losses and revenue mismanagement. The revenue alone cannot help in solving the health care needs in Florida health. Therefore, other sources of financing enable them carry out their activities. However, the local government faces several economic challenges in meeting the health care demands. Introduction The need to satisfy healthcare demand using the scarce local government resources has led to cost maximization and proper utilization of these scarce resources. This led to the study of how local go vernment revenue can be effectively and efficiently collected and utilized. The study also involves assessment of various factors affecting the local government revenues and the implication of policy system in revenue management. Government Revenue Assessment Florida has a well-structured health system. This includes the Government and the public sector. Funding policies have undergone several re-adjustments to create equity, affordability and accessibility of health care to all people.Advertising Looking for research paper on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The rates of revenue historically show drastic changes due dynamic nature of health care investment. The changes in government revenue pattern and rates are majorly attributed to economic patterns, which affect the stability and financial power of the government and the changes in health care system as well as its provision (Cropf, 2008). These factors include the disease patterns, which have led to more expensive health lifestyle problems. As a result, the government revenue polices are always run to meet these demands. Several government revenue systems are identified in this local government acting at various levels include, taxes, fees, grants, fines, gambling revenue, and aids (Starling, 2010). Taxes Taxation is as the major revenue contributor to many local governments. Taxes collected by government are of different types namely; income tax, property taxes, sales tax, payroll tax and property tax. Government needs include raising revenue for the local authorities operation in different sectors, redistribution of national wealth and price adjustment on externalities such as alcohol and tobacco, which are some of the signs of citizen representation to the government. Income tax is levied by the government from individual person’s earning, either in business, employment or cooperation sector. In the personal inve stment, the tax levied is based on profits and net gains. The tax computation is based on national tax law principles. The income tax can be regressive or progressive in nature depending on the government tax polices and laws. For instance, Pay as You Earn (P.A.Y.E) mode is mostly applied by many jurisdictions on personal taxes. Capital gain tax on capital assets is another revenue source under the government income tax (Lee Wayne, 1998). Social security fund revenue is usually found in the health sector of the government. It is a compulsory fund on health, often based on an individual income. Some governments use earning rates to determine the amount paid by an individual while in some cases it is a constant rate according to an individual’s health needs. In some government systems there are upper and lower limits of payments made by an individual (Starling, 2010).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Florida Healthcare System specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More There are also value added taxes and sales taxes. Value added tax (VAT) is imposed on the manufactured goods and services. The manufacturers sell their products and services at higher prices to the retailers since they need to settle the value added tax paid to the government. On the other hand, Sale tax is levied on consumers when they purchase any product. It is among the major contributors to the government’s revenue collections (Lee Wayne, 1998). Moreover, the government gets a lot of revenue from tariffs, excise duty, ad valorem tax, occupation tax from licenses and inheritance taxes. Public facilities such as sports and recreation centres also contribute immensely to the government revenue. Some of the major sources of revenue to the local government include fees, permits, and licenses. Besides, there are revenues from transport, health care and education sector. Various government businesses and foreign transac tions also greatly contribute to its revenues (Usa, 2011). The Chart below shows the United States Total Revenue This shows the general Federal States revenue, as a major contributor to the local Government Health Care Program. The USA total revenue is also an indicator of the local government capacity in revenue collection. In turn, they receive the federal government aids.Advertising Looking for research paper on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Health Care Funding in Florida Health care sector needs a lot of financing since it is wide and very dynamic. To come up with a proper solution to the funding, policies have been drawn in the local government. The policy systems also ensure equitable and quality health distribution that is accessible to all the social classes. Although efficient and effective financing system is hard to achieve in health care, many health programs implementation in Oregon have been met through the financing systems (Wallace, 2010). The federal government funding towards health care is a great contributor in the country’s health care system. This has been undertaken through direct injection of funds or indirectly through the acquisition of facility aid and health personnel from the federal government. Government funds are state’s risk pool revenues arrangement aimed at all the population extensive health care provision. In addition to government funding, the government offers support to this health care through the social health policy (Wallace, 2010). Social insurance source of financing is mainly from the employers’ contribution and salaried employees. It also provides a cover to the unemployed in this government through the social funds. The program is associated with benefit package to the health care contributors. Notably, this is a non-profit program. In Florida, social funds have created minimal dependence on negations of budget other than on the state funded health care system and it is the most strongly supported health funding system by the citizens (Lee Wayne, 1998). The local government of Florida authorities have also injected indirectly in community-based health insurance. This health insurance seeks assistance of the government policy makers to help those that are unable to purchase healthcare insurance from the formal sector. It achieved a better health care access to the people in many parts of this local authority (Usa, 2011). The Chart B elow shows Florida local Government Financial Contribution toward Health Care in the Local Authority From the chart, it can be noted that the user fees and out of pocket take the largest share of the health payment system. The lowest contributor to healthcare is the insurance that ranks lowest as a result of high charges they offer. The government contributes 22 percent of the finances in health care (Lee Wayne, 1998). The governments also provide Medicaid services to enable the low-income groups to access health care. Medicaid is aimed at all the population despite the ages of the people who cannot afford personal insurance. In Florida, Medicare takes the basic health needs burden from the low-income group. Medicaid services are also available for the elderly and disabled group. To supplement their out-pocket medical use, the local government has promoted the provision medigap method by private insurers. This mostly aimed at the poor who are unable to purchase their health insura nce security (Wallace, 2010). Some of national budgeting data for the government are tabulated. The data were taken from some of the priorities set by the government in health care provision and amount in dollar used. The table shows the major government priorities in health care budget across the years, including medical services to seniors, venders’ medical users and public health service provision. It is noticed that health cost is constantly rising across the years. This has been attributed to rise in health care diseases among the population (Lee Wayne, 1998). The below shows Health Care Financial Budget by the Local Authority from the Year 2005-20010Â  (m.s) is the medical service rendered to the seniors. Financial Year 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Health Care Cost 882.0 866.1 920.0 1,042.2 1,129.9 1,233.0 [+] M. S (sn) 494.3 492.3 534.4 563.8 589.2 638.4 [+] Medical Service 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 [+] Public H S. 4.5 4.7 4.9 4.8 4.8 4.8 [+] RD Health 36 .1 36.0 33.6 32.4 32.1 32.0 [+] Health n.e.c. 0.0 0.0 0. 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 [+] Vendor Payments 347.0 333.0 347.1 441.2 503.9 557.8 Restrictions in Government Revenues on health Budgeting Government spending in health care is determined by the economic status of the state and the federal government. During hard economic times, the government spending on health is reduced drastically to compensate for other sectors of the economy. This comes up with several challenges to the users who are insured under the government like in Medicaid and Medicare provision. At times the cost of health is so high that proper provision needs extra funds, which the local government cannot easily allocate successfully. Therefore, the local government is restricted to the most basic primary health care (Federal Reserve Bank, 1997). Operation of many local authorities gets a lot of influence from the state government. The local authority finds itself at a cross road at times when undertaking its programs due to regulatory measures by the government providers on the revenue use and application. The local authority’s policies and health care priorities sometimes do not run with the government priorities, and are often forced to abandon their priorities to meet the financiers’ needs. Due to these, the government restricts the local authorities budgeting (Wallace, 2010). Dynamics nature of health care and span make its budgeting policies very complex to amend every budgeting period to meet the new challenges. The increase on life style diseases has made it difficult for the health care planners to carry out adequate budgeting. This can be depicted from financial short falls which normally occur in many planning periods. Budgeting for health generally has become very unpredictable, including the insurance coverage needs (Wallace, 2010). Effect of Public Decision Policy on Revenue Policies decisions are vital in revenue collection and creation of a harmonized environment to the revenue users and collectors. Policies enable people to appreciate the need and usefulness of collecting taxes. Every government has a distinct and proper policy set up for collection and use of its revenues. The decision is vital in various ways for the local government, especially in safeguarding government resources. The decisions taken into consideration include revenue recognition in line with the general accounting principles and management of the receivable accounts by the government. Finally, the decisions are important in creating a negotiation on matters related to the revenue systems (Starling, 2010). The policy structure describes the local government revenue is in the different parts. There are policies on collection and utilization of the government fees from the local health institutions. Grants and aids have systematic methods of handling them as well. Medical services income and investment income are also handled according to specific policies to make sure ther e is a proper and transparent health care delivery. In addition, the government has laid regulations and policies on management of contributions and other forms of sources, which are normally channeled to specific programs (Cropf, 2008). The management and formulation of the policies are under specific management bodies, each charged with different responsibility. The work of the teams is to monitor and start the implementation under their jurisdiction. This is done according to the need and demand priorities in health care provision to the people. Managers in charge of the policies also ensure accountability, billing and collection of revenue in accordance with decisions on the ground. At times, the revenue management circle follows a given benchmarks to produce targeted goals (Starling, 2010). When wrong decision on revenue management is made, the collection processes might be impaired from the first instance. This comes as a result of the people’s failure to understand the revenue system. Pressure groups might go against the policies makers as well. In many places, poor accountability and transparency have led to loss of revenue, thus it becomes necessary that proper handling polices are drawn to ensure efficient collection and use of the resources (Wallace, 2010). Choosing programs to run the health care requires the managers who have proper understanding of health care structure. The government must come up with proper recruitment policies which ensure that the health system is properly managed by responsible managers and planners. Revenue collection from other sources such as aids needs proper negotiators who can draw and clearly come up with the requirements of the negotiators. Generally, the decisions made in these stages mark the success or failure of revenue management (Cropf, 2008). Economic Conditions that Affect Revenue Projections Revenue projection by the government depends on several economical factors, and any changes in these either po sitively or negatively affect the revenue. When the consumption pattern changes due to economic cycles, the health care revenue pattern also changes. This results from economic factors such as inflation, decline in asset values, geopolitical factors, cost of credit and its nature, solvency and the stability of financial institutions, the financial market, and internal and external business pattern. Projecting revenue in any sector also becomes hard as a result of economic uncertainty that affects the financial market (Wallace, 2010). The demand for health services and the availability of its revenue on the government overlie on the capacity of its purchase. When employment issues arise, the national insurance fund gets affected proportionately. When unemployment looms the contributors to health reduces while the consumers increase in number. This poses a great challenge to the government (Federal Reserve Bank, 1997). At the same time economical problems like recessions normally resu lt in poor trade pattern, the government might end up making losses in businesses as well as expecting limited revenue from the business sector. Consumers of healthcare at this time find it hard to purchase health products and opt to basic primary health strategy. Fees charged on the health premises reduce drastically, forming part of the affected revenue system. Many people normally opt for promotion health pattern that do not require much financial investment to reduce their spending (Wallace, 2010). Taxation patterns change with economic system when economical cycle is low; many people reduce their investment in the capital market. Consequently, manufacturing firms reduce their purchases since the consumption rate becomes low. This directly affects the VAT and other trade related taxes. The government revenue also falls despite the need for the government to cushion most of its people from the economic challenges. Tariffs and customs also normally get affected by these changes ma king the revenue projection difficult (Wallace, 2010). Pension deficits are also major hindrance to revenue projection. Many people under pension who fail to receive their pension become a challenge in projection of revenue since the groups are normally included in the revenue calculation. On the other hand, the government uses a lot of money every year to cover these pensions that in turn cut back into the projection estimates. Calculation of pension to derive clear projection of revenue is also very difficult due to changes in pattern of employment and unemployment rates. Clear projections of revenues become rather hard or inaccurate for the planners at the national and local level (Federal Reserve Bank, 1997). Public Debt always forms another challenge facing the revenue projection, both domestic and foreign. The accruing debts come with the expenses, which normally are being carried from one generation to another. The debt repayments normally affect the revenue sectors significa ntly. This is because the projected revenues are utilized in non-profit generating programs. Thus, the planning becomes significantly challenging because of the debts. In turn, several public sectors including health get hugely affected due low net revenue (Usa, 2011). Furthermore, there are economical losses in natural disasters, hurricanes and earthquakes affecting Florida. In as much as they are not anticipated. A lot of investments get destroyed when these disasters occur. At the same time, the government invests a lot to restore these structures in place. A lot of expected revenue is these areas are not met while more is used to restore the situation on the ground. This has made projection of revenue in Florida generally hard and always results in the failures. It is beyond the control of the government since some of these points mark lucrative investment zones by the local government the tourism industry. Health investment meets these challenges as its funds are utilized in mi tigation measures (Federal Reserve Bank, 1997). Major revenue challenge in projection comes from the management of social security fund and retirement. This comes with failure to many people in Florid to take their own saving measures. Many people reach retirement age with little or no saving for both livelihood and health care. The government hence spends a lot in social security funds and other revenue sources to cater for the basic needs of these groups, mostly in Medicare and Medicaid insurances. Projection of the revenue is a challenge since it is never accurate in calculation of the amounts invested in health (Usa, 2011). In the technological advancement, the states spend a lot in to cope with technology in various fields like in business, security and science. Projection of yearly spending on these sectors is very hard since each year comes with a new challenge, often at a higher cost. The state hence is unable to accurately determine the revenue amount it spends in these sec tors. These make revenue projection generally hard and most unachievable (Usa, 2011). Revenue Policy For an effectively management of health care system in Florida, there is a need for concrete management and control of the revenue system. This calls for a properly diagnosed health revenue procedure and policies. In Florida, the local government came with a revenue control and management policies in all it sectors to ensure accountability, transparency and efficiency in running the program (Cropf, 2008). The policy system runs as shown: Internal Control Measures In order to manage revenue effectively, a proper organization of input, process and out put resources are put into place. Proper coordination in communication and technological application is enhanced. A chain of hierarchy is drawn from managers to lower level work force (Wallace, 2010). The aspects of internal control are; Work organization and delegation of duties Process of payment recording from various accounts Efficie nt fund deposits to respective areas Reconciliation of major accounting books Creation of security measures Application of automated systems for accurate processing and harmonization Creation of control and fraud detection procedures with efficient reporting process Checking on compliance and non compliance measures by internal audit Accounting Records from different health department need to be kept according the standards accounting procedures. At the accounting stage; Proper general ledger must be used in recording Fiscal accounting period must be given consideration Billing There must be a properly established account of receivable for the advanced health care services (Wallace, 2010). The bills need; To be properly dated except when stated by resolution or ordinance On going account is necessary for service taken prior to payments The bills need to be handled from central account then transferred to central ledger. Fund Deposits Proper depositing criteria need to be follow ed any time funds are to be deposited. In the health care deposits are; Numerically controlled tied to official document from that department Mode of payment should be indicated Receivers identity need to be noted Transfer of receipts to the accounting books Posting the changes to the supervisor Remote site These are areas away from the treasury. These collection points need to; Have a cash threshold that they deposit early the following day All collections need no surpass five working days before deposit Non deposited funds securely locked in safes Keeping of shortage account for differences No application of change drawer for personal work Escrow Funds When funds are sent to the system before the recognition of the revenue to remitted back they should be deposited in Escrow liability account that earns interest. Interested will only remitted in Escrow under agreement When they have gone proper identification they are hence transferred as revenue Can only be returned under com pliance payee on transferring for non-compliance Collection Collection will be done under each department with procedural and within specified period. Receivable accounts needs to be recorded to permit analysis by the entity Notice must be given to past due accounts and restrictions provided as possible Returns It the duty of each department to monitor and control returned cheques. They shall; Unless specified, be handled by treasury Fees charged on these cheques Bad Debt For these be dealt with, it need to be considered under receivable account. The computation should be annually based on write offs and aging of the receivables. Budgetary Review The monitoring of the accounts shall be within a specified time by the supervisors. Considerations shall be on; Oversight from the departments Revenue budget presented with documented evidence Monitoring shall be carried out across the year The policy system is aligned a specific checklist that evaluates the performance standard at e ach level (Wallace, 2010). Conclusion Despite challenges faced in Florida health care system, the government has high potential of helping the population as long as better measures of revenue collection and utilization are in place. This calls for identification of challenges in revenue management and development of mitigation measures, which are supportive. After the identification process, the revenue structure should be assessment and re-drawn to meet the local government demands. This way, health and other sectors in Florida stand high chances of success. References Cropf, R. (2008). American Public Administration: Public Service Administration for the 21st Century. New York, NY: Pearson Longman. Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland. (1997). Economic Review (Vols. 33-34). New York, NY: New York Press. Lee, R, D., Wayne, R. J. (1998). Public Budgeting System. Canada: Jones and Bartlett Publishers. Starling, G. (2010). Managing Public Sector. Boston: Wordsworth Publishers. Usa, I. ( 2011). Samoa, American Country Study Guide: Strategic Information and Developments. Washington, DC: International Business Publishers. Wallace, S. (2010). State and Local Fiscal Policy: Thinking outside the Box. Massachusetts: Edward Elga Publishers.